Vaccination against rubella before pregnancy is an important way to preserve the health of the unborn baby. After all, this seemingly mild “children’s” pathology has a negative impact on the fetus itself and the process of its gestation. The rubella virus, penetrating the unborn child through the placental barrier, infects him, causing various diseases, deformities, and even death.
How dangerous is rubella during gestation, is it possible to protect yourself from the pathology, and is vaccination always necessary?
Rubella and pregnancy
This viral disease, which does not cause serious pathological changes in the patient’s body, poses a direct threat if it infects a pregnant woman. Moreover, there is no danger for her herself. All negativity is directed at the fetus she is carrying. In this regard, his death is often noted. And if the child is born, it will be with an acquired chronic rubella infection, which leads to serious problems in the form of micro- and hydrocephalus, congenital deafness, hepatitis, heart defects, abnormalities in the development of the visual organs, etc. Usually such a dangerous situation arises in the first trimester of pregnancy (up to 14 weeks).
In addition, in an unborn child, rubella infection may result in:
- pathological changes in internal organs;
- disturbances in the formation of the skeleton;
- irreversible disruptions of the central nervous system.
Moreover, the probability of such anomalies occurring during this period is quite high: for a period of up to 4 weeks - 100%, 1-2 months - 60%. For this reason, doctors, if a woman falls ill with rubella at the specified period, advise her to terminate the pregnancy.
When a pregnant woman is infected in the second trimester, the prognosis is slightly more favorable: only 10-50% of intrauterine children may develop rubella syndrome. And it often happens that rubella makes itself felt some time after the birth of the baby. This could be autism, pathologies, hepatitis, psychomotor disturbances.
During this period, the issue of termination of pregnancy is not decided unambiguously. The results of the examination, tests and the opinion of the expectant mother are taken into account.
The third semester is the safest. The probability of developing pathological changes in the fetus is only 7%. There is no reason to terminate the pregnancy at all. The development of the unborn child is simply carefully monitored.
Why is rubella dangerous?
The risk of infection of the fetus from a mother with rubella decreases with increasing gestational age: at the beginning of the first trimester it is almost 90%, decreasing to 10% by the 12th week. Once in the mother's body, the virus passes through the placenta and causes severe pathologies and deformities of the fetus.
Depending on the stage of pregnancy at which the infection occurred, the child may experience damage to the brain, hearing and vision, cardiovascular, genitourinary and pulmonary systems, gastrointestinal tract, as well as bones and joints. Also, newborns have various external abnormalities: six fingers on the limbs, the so-called “cleft palate”, unnatural head sizes, deformation of the jaw and ears. In addition, rubella during pregnancy, especially in the early stages, can cause miscarriages.
Rubella disease in a pregnancy up to 16 weeks is a clear indication for termination of pregnancy; in a pregnancy up to 28 weeks, termination of pregnancy is recommended if infection of the fetus is suspected; after 28 weeks, the woman is under special medical supervision until delivery.
Due to the high risk of infection of the baby and the severity of the consequences, expectant mothers need to determine whether they have immunity to this disease even at the stage of preparation for pregnancy.
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Signs of rubella
In women in this situation, as indeed in all adults, rubella makes itself felt with pronounced symptoms. Usually the disease begins with a slight malaise, which over time manifests itself with additional symptoms appearing in the following sequence:
- rashes on the body (first on the face, then on the back, lower back, bends of the limbs, buttocks) - usually small, 0.5-0.7 mm round spots with clear contours of light pink or dark red color, which do not bother and do not rise above the skin;
- increased temperature (up to 38 degrees) - can last 2-5 days and be accompanied by headache and muscle pain, chills;
- manifestations of a catarrhal nature are different for everyone (conjunctivitis, cough, inflammation of the tonsils, rhinitis), and it happens that such signs are absent at all;
- inflammation of the lymph nodes - they enlarge at the back of the head and in the area of the cervical spine. They can be easily felt or identified by pain. Moreover, this condition may persist for several days after recovery.
Particularly vulnerable during pregnancy is the atypical form of rubella, which practically does not manifest itself with the above symptoms, but remains dangerous for the fetus. It is impossible to diagnose it, and women usually mistake mild discomfort for fatigue.
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Features of vaccination
Rubella occurs when the virus enters the bloodstream when the immune system is weakened. In pregnant women, infection occurs in two stages.
First, the woman herself becomes infected through airborne droplets through contact with an infected person. Next, the virus passes through the transplacental route - through the pregnant woman’s placenta it is transmitted to the fetus and causes irreparable harm to it. That is why timely immunization of women of childbearing age is so important.
Before pregnancy
The answer to the question of whether a rubella vaccination is necessary when planning a pregnancy can only be given by a doctor, based on test results. As a rule, timely vaccination in childhood or a previous illness helps to obtain immunity for 10-15 years. But a woman's pregnancy, especially in its early stages, weakens her immune system. Therefore, the threat of rubella infection increases.
For this reason, when a woman is planning a pregnancy or has already become pregnant, she is tested for the presence and level of antibodies to the rubella virus. If the results are negative, she is vaccinated against the disease before pregnancy or if it is a short period of time - up to 10-12 weeks. The rubella vaccine will provide lasting protection against the virus during this period.
During pregnancy
When vaccination is carried out during pregnancy planning, as a rule, the woman is given a period when she should refrain from conceiving a child. This is due to the effect of the vaccine itself.
Depending on the state of a woman’s immune system, vaccination can trigger the production of two types of antibodies: some that prevent infection by the disease, and others that fight the disease itself.
Their presence in the body and the process of production itself, which usually happens during the period of action of the vaccine, does not have a beneficial effect on conception and can lead to undesirable manifestations in the form of miscarriage or stopping the development of the embryo. The doctor determines how long you can’t become pregnant after a rubella vaccination by prescribing repeated examinations. Usually this is, depending on the woman’s health, 2-5 months.
After vaccination against rubella, a woman’s body must return to normal in order to become pregnant and give birth to a healthy child. And the results of the analysis for the level of antibodies that prevent the rubella virus from entering the blood should show a positive effect, and those that fight the disease itself should show a negative effect.
Complexes with this research
Entry into IVF Examination when a woman enters the IVF procedure 15,030 RUR Composition
IVF planning Examination for preliminary preparation of a woman for the IVF procedure 9,080 RUR Composition
Miscarriage Identification of the main causes of miscarriage RUB 29,050 Composition
IN OTHER COMPLEXES
- Examination during pregnancy. 1st trimester 10,390 RUR
- Pregnancy planning. Diagnosis of infections RUB 6,010
- TORCH infections. Avidity of IgG antibodies 6,850 R
Which drug should I choose?
Many vaccines are registered for immunization against rubella. Children aged one to one and a half years, and then at the age of 6, are usually given combined vaccines (measles-rubella-mumps) "Priorix" (Belgian) and "MMR II" (American). Those girls who have not been immunized are vaccinated at the age of 10-13 years with a vaccine directly against rubella.
The rubella vaccine before pregnancy can also be single-component. But you can also get the trivalent vaccine if you need immunity against other infections, such as measles. Among the single-component anti-rubella vaccines, it should be noted: the French “Rudivax”, the English “Ervevax”, as well as the Russian vaccine against rubella.
Preference is given to foreign drugs, which are considered more purified and therefore cause almost no side effects. Women are vaccinated subcutaneously in the shoulder. Those aged 18-25 still have the opportunity to get immunized for free. You will have to buy the vaccine yourself. Vaccination is indicated throughout the entire childbearing period once every 10 years.
Prevention
Rubella can be prevented with a vaccine. This vaccination is included in the calendars of all countries and is critical to curb the spread of the disease and prevent birth defects in the fetus caused by congenital rubella syndrome.
The first dose of the vaccine is usually given to children at 12 months of age as part of routine immunization against measles, mumps and rubella. The second dose is usually given at age 6 years. It is acceptable to give a second dose of the vaccine 6 months after the first, or even 1 month later if we know the child is at increased risk of contracting the disease.
Rubella vaccine should not be given to pregnant women or women who plan to become pregnant within 1 month of vaccination. If you are thinking about pregnancy, make sure you are immune to rubella by getting a blood test or looking for documentation of any vaccines you have received (you must have two doses of the vaccine). If there is no immunity, you should get vaccinated at least 1 month before pregnancy.
Consequences after the injection
The consequences of rubella vaccination before pregnancy usually make themselves felt by a temporary deterioration in health. This is considered a normal response to vaccination. Typically the following changes occur:
- swelling at the injection site;
- fever up to 39C (not for everyone);
- discomfort in the throat and coughing;
- runny nose.
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All these phenomena pass quickly.
However, very rarely there may be more serious adverse reactions in the form of toxic or anaphylactic shock, serous meningitis, etc. Such conditions require mandatory medical care. In general, the rubella vaccine is well tolerated and does not cause concern.
Contraindications and complications
Not all women can receive the rubella vaccine. Vaccination is contraindicated when:
- weakened immune system;
- neoplasms;
- the woman is already pregnant;
- previous rubella vaccination caused complications;
- acute respiratory infections or other pathologies with increased temperature are present.
Very rarely, but the introduction of a vaccine can cause complications in the form of:
- anaphylactic shock;
- acute vascular insufficiency;
- involuntary muscle contraction,
- neuritis;
- meningitis;
- abnormal redness of the skin;
- conjunctivitis;
- deafness.
However, most of the positive aspects associated with rubella vaccination are noted.
To vaccinate or not
Rubella is known to be transmitted from one person to another. Vaccination is carried out all over the world; it is now quite rare. But, nevertheless, from time to time it makes itself felt. And therefore no one is safe from infection.
And if children and men are spared this infection, one might say. For women during pregnancy, and especially for offspring, this disease is considered very dangerous. In pregnant women who contract measles and are not vaccinated, 14% of fetuses die in utero, and more than 50% of full-term babies are born with severe defects that are often even incompatible with life.
This is an argument in favor of planning pregnancy and vaccination! In addition, you need to be vaccinated against rubella because:
- almost 100 percent immunity is created for many years. In practice, there are no known cases of post-vaccination rubella;
- the possibility of contracting rubella during pregnancy is minimized;
- Severe pathological negatives in the development of the fetus, as well as its death, are excluded;
- well tolerated;
- lack of vaccination in childhood does not exclude vaccination in adulthood;
- there is always a sufficient selection of vaccines, and vaccination is free for people under 25 years of age;
- Complications after rubella vaccination are rare.
If we talk about the negative side of immunization, then the arguments are insignificant:
- the vaccination is carried out more than once, every 10 years it requires revaccination due to the fact that the rubella virus is constantly mutating;
- It takes a period of time for antibodies to develop, usually 1-2 months;
- vaccination is not allowed during pregnancy, except in exceptional cases and then with a high risk of infection of the fetus;
- A vaccinated woman should not become pregnant for several months.
Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, after weighing all these pros and cons, it is important to understand that many changes will occur in the body. In particular, the immune system will weaken, which will create favorable conditions for various infections, including rubella viruses, to enter the body. Not everyone remembers what they got sick with in childhood, or what they were vaccinated against. Therefore, in order not to create stress on the body once again, it is better to get tested for the presence of antibodies and find out whether there is a need to undergo immunization.
What is important to know about rubella?
Rubella is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus of the togovirus family. The main manifestations of rubella are: finely spotted skin rash, enlarged occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes, fever, headache, muscle pain. The rubella virus is unstable in the external environment and is very sensitive to temperature and chemicals.
Transmission of infection occurs through airborne droplets (sneezing, coughing, talking). Infection will be ensured by direct contact with the patient (staying together in a room, including on a common landing, etc.). However, in our turbulent times of hidden infections, rubella also occurs in an unusual manner. Thus, it is sometimes impossible to determine exactly when contact with a sick person occurred.
Despite the fact that rubella is a childhood infection, adults also suffer from it. It is more likely to be caught during periodically recurring epidemic outbreaks, most often in the spring. The incubation period lasts 15-21 days.
How do you feel about mandatory vaccination?
- Positively, it prevents many diseases. 60%, 2641 votes
2641 votes 60%2641 votes - 60% of all votes
- Negatively, these are all government schemes to make it easier to manage us. 26%, 1157 votes
1157 votes 26%
1157 votes - 26% of all votes
- Neutral, I don’t think it has any effect on my health. 13%, 592 votes
592 votes 13%
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Total votes: 4390
Votes: 4365
January 17, 2018
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