Guide to vaccination of puppies and adult dogs: restrictions, schedule, vaccination rating, price

There is so much information about vaccination on the Internet that it can be difficult for owners to understand all the nuances on their own: how to prepare a baby for vaccination, which vaccine and regimen to choose, whether it is necessary to vaccinate adult dogs, what diseases can be protected from a pet, how dangerous and justified it is. And also answers to many other questions about vaccinations for dogs.

Vaccination is especially important for puppies up to one year old.

How the vaccine works

A small amount of virus or bacteria is injected with the vaccine. This stimulates the immune system, and it begins to produce specific antibodies. The next time they encounter an infection, they will immediately react and fight the pathogen. The disease can be avoided altogether or it will occur in a mild, and sometimes hidden, form.

Vaccination itself cannot cause infection, because killed or inactivated viruses and bacteria enter the body. But, if the animal is already infected and is in a state of “fragile equilibrium,” vaccination can actually provoke the rapid development of the disease.

Preparation is a mandatory step

The vaccination is given to healthy animals (without any signs of disease and temperature within normal limits: 37.5-39°C - for adult dogs and 37.5-39.5°C - for puppies), which have been treated against external (fleas) , ticks, lice eaters) and internal (helminths) parasites. All these “uninvited guests” weaken the body and reduce immunity. As a result, after vaccination, an insufficient level of antibodies is produced, immunization is incomplete. In addition, parasites are carriers of various diseases, which up to a certain point can occur in a latent form.

Sometimes veterinarians prescribe a complete blood test. It allows you to objectively judge the dog’s readiness for the procedure. In practice it is rarely used. The patient is assessed only visually and according to the owner.

When to treat for parasites

Puppies are first dewormed at 3 weeks of age (21 days). Even if the baby has never been outside, there is always a chance of infection (in utero and from the environment). Helminth eggs can be brought into an apartment with shoes or on the mother’s paws from the street. It is more convenient to use suspensions for processing. The repeat is done after 14 days, adjusting the dosage to suit the changed weight. It is imperative to give the puppy an anthelmintic before the procedure if you are not sure that the breeder carried out the necessary treatments.

It is recommended to treat the puppy against fleas 3-5 days before vaccination. But not earlier than 3 days after or before deworming. It is worth considering that most products are indicated from 7-10 weeks of age.

Adult dogs are treated for external and internal parasites several times a year. One of them should be 3-4 weeks before vaccination.

After vaccinations, the baby will be able to safely walk outside and explore the world around him.

Development history

Sputnik Light, like Sputnik V, was developed by the Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology.
Phase I/II clinical studies took place from December 5, 2020 to April 15, 2021. According to the developers, the effectiveness of the vaccine 28 days after immunization was estimated at 79.6%. They claim that Sputnik Light is 80% more effective than many other vaccinations that require two doses.

On May 6, 2021, Minister of Health Mikhail Murashko officially announced the registration of Sputnik Light, the fourth Russian vaccine against coronavirus.

First vaccination

The first vaccination is given to puppies at 7-10 weeks. With mother's milk they receive antibodies that protect them for about 1.5-2 months. This is called colostral immunity. A high level of maternal antibodies does not allow the puppies’ own immunity to work fully, and it still cannot. As a result, vaccination done ahead of schedule turns out to be ineffective and short-lived. Only Pappy will help protect babies up to 2 months of age.

Puppy vaccine Puppy: when and why to inject it

When puppies are kept in large nurseries or in the yard of a private house, where they can interact with foreign dogs, the risk of infection increases, but a full vaccination cannot yet be done. In such cases, veterinarians recommend “puppy”, for example, Nobivac Pappy, it provides protection against distemper and parvovirus enteritis, common infectious diseases with high mortality among puppies, but does not contribute to the development of their own immunity.

Should the puppy be wormed before the second vaccination or before the first?

We are often asked the question: should a puppy be wormed before the second vaccination or before the first? Let's figure it out - worms are not so rare in dogs, their impact is so extensive that they spread throughout the body through the blood vessels, settling on literally every organ, creating disturbances in the functioning of the organs. This happens through inflammation, micro tears, splitting of the mucous membranes, and also possible intestinal blockage and malfunction of the dog’s nervous system.

In addition, worms tend to feed on the blood and food of their carrier that enters the stomach. From here we can conclude that pathogenic processes occur, which have their own degree of development and complications, leading to general disorders that can lead to other pathologies, since other harmful bacteria from outside begin to penetrate the body. What to do to avoid such consequences?

Answering the question: is it necessary to give a puppy a dewormer? The answer is "Yes". Let's analyze a situation where, having ignored or not knowing, the antihelminthic medicine was not given to the dog and the first vaccination was given.

READ It is possible to breed a fold-eared cat with a fold-eared cat

Vaccination against parvovirus enteritis, viral hepatitis and canine distemper is done primarily and may not work, since the medicine will be consumed in whole or in part by the worms present in the body. This will cause the graft to work incorrectly or incompletely.

Second vaccination

Revaccination is done after 3-4 weeks. It is necessary to achieve maximum effect. Repeated administration of the complex allows you to reliably consolidate the immune system’s response to certain pathogens. It can be supplemented by rabies if the puppy is planning to participate in exhibitions, fly, or move.

You should not delay the first vaccination, otherwise revaccination will occur during the period of teeth change, and at this time the puppy’s body is weakened and the effectiveness of the procedure is questioned.

Is it possible to vaccinate pregnant and lactating dogs?

According to the rules, the procedure should take place no later than 2 weeks before mating, so that the dog can be prepared and not worry about it getting sick during pregnancy. In addition, puppies will receive maximum immune protection through the placenta and then through the milk.

A dog can be vaccinated in the first third of pregnancy (first 20 days) only with Nobivak or Eurikan vaccines. But she will no longer protect the puppies. If vaccination was not possible. You will have to wait until your pet gives birth and gets stronger, and then vaccinate her along with the babies.

The breeder often gives the first vaccination to puppies and the future owner does not have to choose a brand of vaccine, he repeats the same one according to the schedule

Is it necessary to worm the puppy before the second vaccination?

Is it necessary to worm the puppy before the second vaccination? Shall we figure it out?

Perhaps you have a great love for animals, have wanted a pet for yourself since childhood, and have finally decided to take a dog into your home? Or maybe your child passionately dreams of a puppy, constantly asking when it will be given to him? Or, while walking on the street, you saw puppies and couldn’t resist taking them home? There are a lot of such situations in life, all of them are united by the love for such cute creatures as puppies, who in the future will become real protectors and best friends.

First of all, you need to know that small dogs at an early age have not yet developed the health to fully protect the body, their immunity is weak, and their bones are fragile, even the digestive system is susceptible to various kinds of diseases. To prevent many health problems that may arise as the baby grows up, preventive measures are carried out to maintain the development of the body through vaccinations, which must be done at a certain age, following strict rules.

Absolutely every dog ​​owner wants to see him healthy, cheerful and cheerful, but what needs to be done for this? By caring for your puppy, you help him develop properly - proper nutrition, regular preventive examinations and vigorous physical activity are the key to protecting his health. In our nature there are quite a few bacteria and all kinds of viruses that can harm a living creature. So, in order to protect your four-legged pet, you should get vaccinated in specialized centers against diseases that, according to statistics, have a high probability of appearing at a young age in puppies.

Attention. Many diseases tend to be transmitted from a carrier to another living creature, for example to its owner through contact. Next, you will learn what diseases you should get vaccinated against, why they are done, how to prepare for vaccination, and we will also look at commonly used drugs against infectious diseases.

Prevention of post-vaccination complications

Unfortunately, no one is immune from these, and no vaccine can guarantee 100% safety. But not vaccinating at all is very dangerous. To minimize the risk of complications and strengthen immunity during vaccination, the veterinarian may recommend the drug Evinton and, of course, strict monitoring for 2-3 days after vaccination.

If the dog had an extremely difficult time with the next vaccination, it makes sense to choose a drug from another manufacturer. You need to wait for the next scheduled vaccination date and get a new vaccination twice, with an interval of 3 weeks.

Quarantine

Immunity is not developed instantly, only after 14-21 days, but full-fledged immunity 10-14 days after revaccination. Until this time, the weakened body is unable to cope with infections that occur on the street. You can walk with your baby in the courtyard of a private house, but it is absolutely not recommended to visit places where dogs gather. It is also worth holding off on swimming and physical activity.

Adult dogs do not need to adhere to such a strict quarantine. However, in the first 10-14 days it is recommended to reduce the time of walking, limit contact with other people’s animals and dirty objects, and avoid stress and freezing.

Puppies can safely communicate with other dogs and walk in the park 2 weeks after revaccination

Allergy to vaccination in a dog

One of the most dangerous and unpredictable side effects that can occur after vaccinating a dog is the development of an allergic reaction to the components of the drug. It is impossible to predict such a situation, since the body of each animal is unique. If an allergy develops, the veterinarian will prescribe a course of medications to relieve the symptoms. This is another reason why only specialists, and not the owners themselves, should vaccinate dogs: in the event of an immediate allergic reaction (for example, swelling), only a veterinarian can help the animal.

However, such side effects occur extremely rarely if vaccines from proven and reputable manufacturers are used.

What diseases can you protect your dog from?

Dogs can be vaccinated against more than 10 diseases. This list includes basic (mandatory) and additional (entered as necessary). On imported vaccines, the names of the diseases from which it protects are indicated as an abbreviation (the first letter of the Latin name).

Basic vaccination (+ explanation):

• D (Distemper) - plague of carnivores;
• H (Hepatitis infectiosa) - infectious hepatitis;
• P (Parvovirus enteritis) - parvovirus enteritis;
• PI (Parainfluenza) - parainfluenza;
• L (Leptospirosis)—leptospirosis;
• R (Rabies) - rabies.

Additional:

• Coronavirus enteritis;
• Dermatophytoses (trichopytosis, microsporia);
• Bordetellosis;
• Borreliosis;
• Piroplasmosis.

Imported vaccines are more popular among dog lovers. It is believed that they “break through” (i.e. the dog gets sick, despite the vaccination) less often than domestic ones.

Application

The Ministry of Health recommends using Sputnik Light to prevent coronavirus infection in people aged 18 to 60 years. This is its difference from the usual two-component Sputnik, which can be administered to older people without restrictions.

On August 21, 2021, a statement from the minister about the possibility of using the vaccine for people over 60 years of age appeared on the website of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Contraindications to Sputnik Light are standard:

● hypersensitivity to vaccine components;

● previous episodes of systemic allergic reactions;

● acute diseases and periods of exacerbation of chronic diseases;

● pregnancy and lactation.

Which vaccine to choose

Below is a brief overview of the most popular brands. The description includes a list of available vaccines, their pros and cons, recommended vaccination schedule and prices (average cost in pharmacies excluding veterinarian services).

Nobivac

A series of vaccines produced by MSD Animal Health (formerly Intervet), the Netherlands. It is considered one of the best, which is supported by its international recognition.

Manufacturer's recommended vaccination schedule:

• 2-6 weeks ― Nobivac KC for a high risk of infection with bordetellosis and parainfluenza (RUB 680)
• 4-6 weeks ― Nobivac Puppy DP+Nobivac Diluent (300 RUR)
• 8-9 weeks ― DHPPi+L/LR in regions unaffected by rabies with a high risk of infection (480 rub.)
• 12 weeks (revaccination) - DHPPi+LR (480 rub.)
• 1st year - DHPPi+LR (480 rub.)
• Then every 3 years (4th-7th-10th) - DHPPi+LR (480 rubles) or DHPPi+L4+R (620 rubles). Some doctors, based on data on the epizootic situation, recommend complex vaccination with DHPPi + LR annually.
• Annually, according to the manufacturer’s scheme, it is recommended to introduce L4 (195 rubles) and KC (680 rubles)

As for the Nobivac KS vaccine, many call its annual use a marketing ploy. If early protection of puppies from these infections is justified in some cases, then adult dogs rarely tolerate kennel cough with complications, moreover, the DHPPI complex already includes the causative agent of parainfluenza, only without Bordetella.

Pros:

• High efficiency.
• International recognition.
• Protection against major infectious diseases.
• Safe for use on puppy dogs according to instructions.
• Promotes the development of lasting immunity after 2 weeks. after vaccination.

Minuses:

• Presence of fakes on the market.
• Price.

Nobivac Diluent is a diluent for dry vaccines (Puppy/DHP/DHPPI2). Not used if DHP/DHPPI2 is dissolved by Nobivac L or Nobivac RL

Eurican

The second most popular imported vaccine is produced by Merial, France. The only line that contains a vaccine against the herpes virus. Used to protect newborn puppies from infection. It is done to bitches before mating or before the 10th day of estrus, and then 10 days before the expected date of birth.

Manufacturer's recommended vaccination schedule:

• 6 weeks – Eurikan Primo (325 rubles) If the risk of infection is high, the first vaccination is carried out at 4 weeks, followed by revaccination at 6 weeks.
• 7-8 weeks – Eurikan DHPPi2-L (435 RUR)
• 12 weeks – Eurican DHPPi2-LR (490 rubles) or Eurican DHPPi2-L and Rabizin (435 rubles + 140 rubles) subject to their sequential use in different syringes.
• 15 months and then annually - Eurikan DHPPi2-LR (490 rub.)

Pros:

• High efficiency.
• Protection against major infectious diseases.
• Forms stable immunity 14 days after vaccination.
• Possibility to vaccinate puppy bitches according to the instructions.
• Availability of a vaccine against herpes virus infection.

Minuses:

• Lack of puppy vaccine against canine distemper.
• Price

You cannot give the first vaccination from one manufacturer and revaccination with a drug from another.

Vanguard

A series of vaccines produced by the American company Zoetis. The name does not contain an abbreviation indicating the disease, only a number that indicates the total number of pathogens in the composition. Today there are 2 polyvalent vaccines in the line:

• Vanguard 5Cvl - prevention of plague, infectious hepatitis, parvovirus and coronavirus enteritis, adenovirus, parainfluenza, leptospirosis in dogs.
• Vanguard 7 - prevention of plague, infectious hepatitis, parvovirus (types 2, 2a, 2b and 2c) and coronavirus enteritis, adenovirus, parainfluenza, leptospirosis in dogs.
• Defensor 3 - prevention of rabies, used from 3 months.

Vaccination schedule:

Vanguard 5Cvl (350 rub.) or Vanguard 7 (370 rub.) Injected twice at 8 and 12 weeks. Or three times at 5, 8 and 12 weeks. Then revaccination is repeated once a year with one dose.

Rabies is vaccinated separately with the Defensor 3 vaccine (180 rubles) from 3 months of age, followed by revaccination every year. Then once every 3 years or once a year (in disadvantaged areas)

Pros:

• If there is a threat of infection, it is allowed to vaccinate puppies from 5 weeks.
• High efficiency.
• Price

Minuses:

• Early vaccination requires three doses.
• The need to inject rabies separately.

None of the Vanguard polyvalent vaccines contain rabies.

Biocan Novel

Popular vaccine from the Czech company Bioveta. Biocan Yovel is an improved version of the Biocan vaccine by the manufacturer, which is practically no longer found on the market. The line includes many poly- and mono-vaccines, but not all of them are registered in the customs union.

Vaccination schedule:

• 5-6 weeks Biocan Puppy (RUB 215)
• 7-8 weeks Biocan Puppy (RUB 215)
• 8-10 weeks Biocan DHPPi/L (RUB 235)
• 12-16 weeks Biocan DHPPi/LR (280 RUR)
• Then annually DHPPi/LR (280 rub.)

Preparations for additional vaccination:

• Biocan M plus – against microsporia, from 8 weeks,
• Biocan B – against borreliosis, from 12 weeks,
• Biocan T – against tetanus, from 12 weeks.
• Biocan C - against coronavirus infection, from 12 weeks.

Pros:

• Price
• Wide range of vaccines

Minuses:

• Lots of negative reviews about low efficiency
• Hard to find in pharmacies

Biocan has the widest range of vaccines, but not all of them are imported to Russia

Multikan

Domestic multicomponent vaccine, Moscow. For dogs, the manufacturer offers four vaccines, which differ in the number of diseases. Immunity is formed in 2-3 weeks, the antibody titer remains for 6-8 months in puppies and 12-15 months in adult dogs.

• Multikan-4 - plague adenovirus, parvovirus, coronavirus. (180 RUR)
• Multikan-6 - plague, adenovirus, parvovirus, coronavirus and canine dermatomycosis. (230 rub.)
• Multikan-8 - plague, adenovirus, parvovirus and coronavirus enteritis, leptospirosis and rabies. (360 rub.)

Vaccination schedule:

• Multikan, suitable for the number of diseases, is administered twice every 8-10 weeks. and after 21-28 days.
• Revaccinate at 10-12 months.
• Next, dogs are vaccinated once a year with Multican 8.

1 dose of Multikan is equal to 2 ml. The drug is administered only intramuscularly. Dogs weighing less than 5 kg are injected with half the dose - 1.0 ml.

Pros:

• Price
• additional protection against dermatomycosis in multikan-7
• Possibility of using Golobkan-5/Giskan-5 to protect puppies.

Minuses:

• Different dosage depending on weight.
• Veterinarians recommend using imported analogues for miniature breed puppies.
• Injected only intramuscularly

In addition, the vetbiohim company produces:

• Vakderm is a vaccine against dermatomycosis (trichophytia, microsporia). Used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
• Rabix is ​​a monovalent vaccine against rabies.
• Serums Giscan-5 and Globcan-5 are used for early prevention and treatment of five infectious diseases.

In defense of domestic vaccines, it can be said that they have been actively used by veterinarians for many years and fail much more often than their analogues.

Preparing your dog for vaccination

The animal must also be prepared for vaccination. First of all, this concerns deworming – removing parasites. Helminths significantly weaken the animal’s immunity and, even if the infestation has no external signs (the pet looks healthy), can cause great damage to the body. Therefore, dog vaccination carried out on animals infected with worms increases the risk of side effects. Vaccination may be difficult for your pet to tolerate. And, most importantly, parasites significantly reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine - immunity against the disease may not be formed. To avoid this, veterinarians recommend deworming the dog 10 days before comprehensive vaccination. The same applies to the presence of fleas in pets - they must be removed in advance.

Why do you need a veterinary passport?

This is a small book that is sold in many veterinary pharmacies/clinics. Costs about 50 rubles. Data about the dog and all veterinary preventive measures are entered here: treatment, operations, vaccinations, treatments for parasites, etc.

Each vaccine has a label with an individual serial number and release date. It is pasted into the appropriate box in the passport. The doctor’s signature is placed next to it and all this is supported by his personal seal or the seal of the clinic. This is proof that the procedure was carried out, as well as a “reminder” of when to do the next one and which one.

A veterinary passport without stamps is not a document and cannot be presented at exhibitions, when moving, flying, or in the event of a dog bite (if it is necessary to prove that it does not have rabies).

Vaccination will help protect your pet from dangerous infectious diseases.

Treatment for worms

Anthelmintics are available in different forms:

• pills;
• capsules;
• suspensions;
• powders.

Regardless of the type of medication, the dose is calculated based on the dog's weight. The drug is given on an empty stomach in the morning before the first feeding. On the day of deworming treatment, the pet is not fed dairy products. Typically, 1 tablet is designed for 10 kg of dog weight, but for convenience, many manufacturers produce drugs designed for 0.5 - 2 kg, 20 kg, 40 kg of live weight and similar dosages.

It is important to provide your dog with enough clean water. After taking the medicine, you need to monitor your pet’s well-being. Sometimes there is lethargy, drowsiness, and in some cases vomiting. This effect is not provided by drugs; this condition of the pet occurs if the dog has been infected with worms and they, having died, will be excreted from the body. If symptoms do not go away within a day, you should take your dog to the doctor.

There are many different anthelmintics; it is useful to consult a veterinarian to help you decide on your choice. The best anthelmintics are Drontal, Kaniverm, Kanikvantel, Prazitel, Prazitsid, Profender.

Do not use anti-worm medications for pregnant or lactating bitches or weakened dogs. Also, some active ingredients are contraindicated for representatives of the Collie, Shetland Sheepdog and Bobtail breeds.

Fleas are carriers of worm eggs, so it is important to follow the sequence of treatments - first drive away external parasites, then internal ones.

Otherwise, repeated helminthic infestation (infection with parasites) may occur and treatment will have to be carried out again, which is an extra burden on the pet’s body and an unnecessary waste of time.