Is it mandatory for ordinary people to be vaccinated by law?
According to the federal law “On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases,” vaccination is voluntary.
Citizens have the right to refuse preventive vaccinations. They can get complete information from a specialist about vaccination and possible post-vaccination complications, but whether to get vaccinated or not is everyone’s choice. This applies to everyone - adults, schoolchildren, students. Before vaccination, you must sign a voluntary informed consent. In the case of children, vaccination is carried out with the consent of the parents. If a person refuses to be vaccinated, by law he must formalize his refusal in writing.
Flu prevention: how to avoid getting sick, is the vaccine enough?
31.03.2021
immunity protects a person from diseases and infections . How to avoid viruses and bacteria so as not to get sick? How can you avoid getting the flu? What preventive measures should be taken? Is the flu vaccine enough? How can you increase immunity in the rhythm of modern life?
Nutrition
To avoid flu and other diseases, it is necessary to provide the body with all the nutrients to build immunity : vitamin C, vitamins B, D, beta-carotene, as well as zinc, iron and copper.
In other words, you need to eat fruits, vegetables, fish, lean meats, whole grain breads and cereals.
It’s worth eating a pickled cucumber or a little sauerkraut every day and drinking kefir or yogurt, because the probiotics they contain greatly support not only our digestive system.
Bet on movement
During exercise the heart speeds up, blood circulates faster, and the production of lymphocytes (substances responsible for immunity ) increases.
Walking at a fast pace, jogging, Pilates, dance lessons, working out on your own carpet with popular fitness trainers instructing us from the screen - whatever, but be sure to do it regularly.
Movement also releases endorphins, which makes us happier.
Dream
Eight hours of sleep in good conditions (ventilated bedroom at 19°C, a light dinner eaten about three hours before bed) is the time the body, including the immune system , needs to regenerate well and protect against influenza.
Limit stimulants
Alcohol, strong coffee and tea remove vitamins C and B, as well as zinc.
Alcohol abuse damages white blood cells, and cigarette smoke destroys the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.
Prevent, not cure
For preventive purposes, you can use various drugs available in the pharmacy; you can also choose natural drugs based on lemon juice (vitamin C), garlic (a natural antibiotic) and honey (strengthens the immune system and has antibacterial properties).
It is good to drink warm, warming drinks with the addition of ginger and cloves (rich in vitamins and minerals, has an antibacterial effect).
Get a vaccination
Vaccination is an effective remedy against seasonal influenza.
They certainly significantly reduce the risk of contracting the flu, and if infected, the infection is much easier.
Flu vaccine - is it worth getting?
According to the World Health Organization, hundreds of thousands of people around the world die every year, especially older people over 65, as a result of influenza and complications from influenza.
Flu is also very dangerous for children under 2 years of age.
Untreated or poorly treated, it can lead to serious diseases such as bronchitis , inflammation of the heart muscle, meninges, circulatory failure, acute renal failure, deafness (in children) and cause neurological and psychological complications.
High-risk groups who are recommended to receive the annual seasonal influenza vaccine first include:
- all persons over 65 years of age;
- children and adults with chronic heart (coronary heart , heart failure) or lung disease ( asthma , chronic bronchitis );
- children and adults with chronic diseases of the kidneys , liver , blood , nervous system or immunodeficiency;
- diabetics;
- pregnant women;
- children's age from 6 months to 5 years.
The influenza vaccine should be given annually; due to the high variability of the influenza virus, the composition of all vaccines around the world changes annually.
You can get vaccinated at any time, but it's best to get it before you get sick - at the beginning of the sick season.
How to recognize the flu?
Flu is one of many viral diseases, but its consequences and symptoms can be especially unpleasant and dangerous.
Typically, the infection develops gradually, while the flu comes on suddenly. The flu is usually accompanied by high fever (even above 39 degrees Celsius), muscle and bone , but not always a runny nose .
Severe symptoms of a viral infection will disappear after two to three days of home treatment. If this does not happen, you should consult your doctor .
Having the flu on your feet is a very bad idea. It is better to spend 3-4 days in bed and let the body recover than to risk serious complications.
And we must remember that influenza and other viral infections cannot be treated with antibiotics.
During flu season, remember a few more rules:
- wash your hands frequently;
- use only disposable handkerchiefs (napkins);
- treat yourself properly at home and not spread germs.
Published in Immunity, Help from a Premium Clinic therapist
What should you do if your employer forces you to get vaccinated, although it is not required by law?
By law, vaccinations are voluntary. Refusal from vaccination must be made in writing. It serves as a supporting document, as it contains a reference to the law. If the employer tries to take any measures, you need to contact lawyers to find out the legality of his actions.
Are you fined for not getting vaccinations? On May 29, 2020, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation posted on the official website the draft Code of Administrative Offenses, as amended. They include a fine for refusing vaccinations (for citizens - in the amount of five thousand to seven thousand rubles). Rospotrebnadzor explained that this fine applies only to people who are engaged in work from the Government’s list of mandatory vaccinations. These include doctors, teachers, those who work with human blood and biological fluids, who are engaged in agricultural, construction and logging work in areas unfavorable for infections, etc.
Special case: A university or school forces a student to get vaccinated
The parent must write an application addressed to the school principal to refuse all preventive vaccinations with reference to the federal law “On Immunoprevention of Infectious Diseases.” In case of adult status of the student (student), he writes the refusal in his own hand, addressed to the rector.
As long as the law provides for a citizen’s right to refuse vaccinations, any pressure from the school on a student is illegal. The exception is situations of mass infectious diseases or the threat of epidemics. In this case, the school has the right to temporarily refuse to admit students who do not have preventive vaccinations.
The editors of MedPortal express gratitude for the expert assistance in creating this material to Dr. Ekaterina Stepanova, from H-Clinic, an expert clinic specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
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What is a vaccine honey drain?
A medical exemption from vaccination is a refusal to vaccinate, which is not based on personal prejudices, but on clear medical contraindications confirmed by a specialist. Today, legislation allows the issuance of such a document for a period of no more than 6 months. When this period expires, the person receives a new conclusion; it may contain information about the possibility of carrying out the vaccination procedure, or extend the exemption from the flu shot.
You cannot confuse the two concepts, medical withdrawal and complete refusal to participate in vaccination. The refusal can be complete or partial; it must be justified by the presence of congenital diseases in the person, or a strong allergic reaction to a previous vaccination, which does not allow him to be vaccinated. Sometimes a person should not expose himself to danger by getting vaccinated, so it is preferable for him to refuse such a procedure. The failure may be temporary or permanent.
It is worth mentioning refusal due to one’s own convictions, when a person does not see the expediency of such a procedure and considers it dangerous for his own health. This refusal has a medical form; it remains entirely at the discretion of an adult (as for minor children, the parents decide on the possibility of their vaccination).
Influenza vaccination is a completely voluntary procedure; each person decides whether it is necessary for himself, because it is not included in the list of mandatory vaccinations.
You should not categorically refuse a decision, because each vaccine has its own properties, indications and contraindications. A decision on the possibility of giving such injections or completely denying them should only be based on truthful data obtained from official sources.
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Relative honey removal
How do I get a medical exemption from a flu shot for adults? To obtain this document, you should contact a medical institution, but first you should assess whether or not the person has indications for such a procedure.
Vaccination is postponed according to relative indications if:
- the person is at the stage of acute development of a viral or intestinal infection;
- the patient's existing chronic pathologies (for example, bronchitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis) are aggravated.
When the forms of pathology are not very severe, vaccination is postponed until the patient’s condition returns to normal. If the disease is severe, then the vaccine can be given only after a month after complete recovery.
Absolute honey removal
Flu vaccination may have a medical exemption based on absolute contraindications. This means that it cannot be administered either now or in the near future, due to the presence of individual intolerance to the vaccine components.
Today, the following formulations are most actively used for vaccination: Vaxigrip, Grippol, Influvac. When a person has previously been given an infection, which resulted in the development of negative symptoms, he is not given subsequent vaccinations.
Some people are hypersensitive to the following components of the vaccine:
- formaldehyde;
- ovalbumin;
- chicken protein;
- neomycin;
- Octoxynol-9.
The presence of such components among the components of the vaccine in extremely low concentrations does not relieve a person (who is allergic to these substances) from the risk of developing a severe allergic reaction, including anaphylactic shock.
There are a number of indications classified as imaginary indications for signing a medical exemption:
- pregnancy, despite the wealth of information contained on Internet sources, is not a contraindication for the administration of the influenza vaccine. The drug, administered after the 14th week of gestation, does not have a teratogenic effect on the fetus, does not change the course of pregnancy, but effectively protects the woman from influenza infection;
- atopic dermatitis in infants, if it is not in the acute stage, allows the vaccine to be given (provided that the child is not intolerant to the components of the drug).
We recommend reading: Nonproductive cough: why it appears and how to treat the symptom
If contraindications to the influenza vaccine are not taken into account, serious harm to human health, even death, can be caused.
Sources
- Federal Law “On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases” dated September 17, 1998 No. 157-FZ.
- FBUZ "Center for Hygienic Education of the Population" of Rospotrebnadzor. Medical treatment for vaccinations.
- "MU 3.3.1.1095-02. 3.3.1. Vaccine prevention. Medical contraindications to preventive vaccinations with drugs from the national vaccination calendar. Guidelines" (approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on January 09, 2002).
- Bulletin of infectology and parasitology. Preventive vaccinations.
The need for vaccination
The immune system of an adult is designed to effectively protect the body from harmful environmental factors or pathogens of infectious diseases. Upon first contact with a microorganism, antibodies are produced that prevent secondary infection. However, some serious infections can lead to death or disability even at the first contact. In this case, the artificial immunity that vaccines create can prevent disease and save lives.
A child's immunity is more fragile and less stable than that of adults. Antibodies that the baby receives through the placenta or breast milk have a short-term effect and are not able to protect against everything in the world. Vaccination of young children is a subject that generates much debate. But the opinion of knowledgeable pediatricians and scientists is unanimous: vaccinations help to avoid serious diseases and are absolutely necessary for a little person.
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Indications for vaccination
- Vaccinations are carried out with the consent of the child’s parents in the first year of his life with subsequent revaccinations. The National Calendar includes mandatory immunization against 10 infections and 5 additional
- According to epidemic indications, additional vaccinations are recommended for residents of dangerous regions (against tularemia, tick-borne encephalitis, anthrax, plague, etc.)
- Vaccination of travelers against infections typical for the region is carried out several weeks before the trip.
- Occupational vaccinations, e.g. against hepatitis B for healthcare workers
- Emergency vaccination is necessary in case of epidemics or accidents: vaccination against influenza, against rabies due to animal bites, etc.
- Vaccination before pregnancy against rubella, whooping cough and influenza is highly recommended for women who do not have adequate immunity
