DPT revaccination: how it is tolerated according to schedule at 2,4,6 years

DPT revaccination is prescribed for children. The procedure is carried out taking into account the vaccination schedule. The DTP vaccine prevents particularly dangerous diseases: whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. These pathologies are difficult, they arise due to the fact that an infection enters the body. Untimely treatment of diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus leads to death. The DPT vaccine is sold in pharmacies and used on an outpatient basis. Doses are individual, they directly depend on the age of the patient. DTP vaccination is recommended for infants who are already 3 months old.

Timing of DPT revaccination

The therapeutic and prophylactic drug DTP is recommended for children who have no contraindications. The first vaccination is given at the age of three months, the second - after one and a half months, the third - after another 6 weeks. Thanks to the vaccine, the child’s body forms immunity against particularly dangerous diseases. Revaccination is carried out one year after the third vaccination. This period is formal. If the child’s condition is unsatisfactory (the disease is diagnosed in the acute stage or there is a fever), the doctor prescribes revaccination after recovery. The procedure is indicated for children under four years of age.

Whooping cough is severe in infants. An older child has a stronger immune system, so the symptoms of the disease are more easily tolerated. If it happens that the revaccination period has expired, further vaccinations are carried out without the pertussis component.

Time frame for re-vaccination:

when the child reaches one and a half years, but no later than four;
revaccination of ADSM at 7 years;
at fourteen and fifteen years old;
once every ten years after the age of twenty-four.

In order for the body to form strong immunity, 12 revaccinations are needed. The vaccine is not prescribed to persons over 75 years of age.

Postponement of vaccination, possible side symptoms

If a doctor uses a DTP cell preparation for immunization, the patient may experience side symptoms:

skin hyperemia in the area of vaccine administration, pain;
disorders of the vestibular apparatus (nausea);
loss of appetite;
temperature increase.

Side effects do not require specific treatment, but if they are prolonged or severe, you should consult a doctor. Disorders may indicate some pathology and have no relationship with the vaccine. To establish the exact cause, you need to conduct an examination. For fever, the doctor recommends Nurofen or Paracetamol. If necessary, the doctor prescribes antihistamines.

Patients tolerate the acellular vaccines Infanrix and Pentaxim better. These drugs rarely cause side effects. Complications occur in patients of all ages. The likelihood of adverse symptoms depends on the characteristics of the body, the state of the immune system, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases.

Parents should call an ambulance if they find that their child has:

constant crying;
high temperature.

Before prescribing vaccination, the doctor identifies contraindications. Self-administration of the vaccine is prohibited.

If contraindications are ignored, the following may occur:

changes in brain tissue;
encephalopathy;
death.

Doctors do not recommend giving up DTP, since whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus are life-threatening.

DTP and autism

Some parents are afraid that after DPT, their child may develop autism. But doctors do not see a direct effect of vaccination on the appearance of such a pathology. If the disease is hereditary, then its occurrence is inevitable.

DPT vaccine

It happens that the onset of autism coincides with the time of vaccination. If neurological abnormalities already exist, but occur in a latent form, then DPT can become a provoking factor for the manifestation of inevitable disorders.

Important Rules

To avoid disorders of the digestive system, you need to stick to your previous diet. It is not recommended to introduce new products, as they may cause an allergic reaction, which will be mistaken for a side effect. Fats and carbohydrates should be limited. It is recommended to eat less meat for seven days after vaccination. Meals should be moderate, overeating is prohibited.

Vaccination is a burden on the body. To prevent your child from contracting the disease, you should limit contact with peers for 7 days. The child should not interact with sick people. During the recovery period, you should visit public places less often. Hypothermia is unacceptable, as is overheating. Showering is not prohibited, but the child must use a soft washcloth. If he rubs the vaccination site, redness and other undesirable reactions occur. You can go outside, but it is advisable to avoid places where there are a lot of people. To strengthen the immune system, it is recommended to drink herbal tea.

Video on the topic

Dr. Komarovsky about when and what kind of vaccination should be done:

Note to parents: always ask for information about the drug, its technique, and expected post-injection reactions. Do this in advance, in preparation for immunization.

Then you will know that acellular pertussis drugs are much safer in terms of local reactions (and it’s up to you to decide which drug to choose for the procedure), that injections into the buttock are not recommended, and after vaccination you can take Paracetamol or Ibuprofen.

Goals of revaccination

In order for the body to develop lasting immunity against dangerous diseases, it is necessary to carry out several treatment and preventive procedures. People react differently to the same vaccine. There are cases when the body itself forms immunity for five to ten years. In most situations, one DPT vaccination does not give a good result, for this reason repeated vaccination is required. The immunity provided by the vaccine is long-lasting, but not lifelong.

Thanks to DPT revaccination, the body strengthens the formed antibodies against serious diseases. Immunization is more than just vaccination. The term refers to a number of measures aimed at maintaining the body's defenses. If a patient misses a revaccination, the likelihood of contracting the disease increases several times. Tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough pose a threat to the lives of elderly patients, since their immunity is weakened.

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What vaccinations are given to children in the hip?

The child's vaccination schedule includes several vaccines against dangerous diseases. To develop lasting immunity, some of them are done repeatedly, helping the baby’s body to form natural defenses. The following vaccines are administered in the front of the thigh:

Hepatitis B. The first administration is recommended on the 3rd day after birth, if there are no contraindications. It must be repeated after a month and six months to maintain protection against a dangerous disease.
DPT. The vaccination is complex and contains antigens for serious diseases: whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus. According to the vaccination calendar, at least 3 injections are required to form stable immunity.
PDA or MMR. The vaccine contains antibodies to the most common diseases that have serious complications: measles, rubella and mumps. With complex administration, the baby’s body copes well with antigens and tolerates vaccination with minimal consequences.

These vaccines are mandatory. For children with poor health or severe chronic diseases, the pediatrician selects a vaccination schedule individually and may offer additional vaccinations (against herpervirus or pneumococcal infection).

All of the above vaccinations, as recommended by doctors, should be given to the anterolateral part of the thigh. After age 3, some injections may be given in the deltoid muscle or shoulder (side of the arm).

All of the above vaccinations, as recommended by doctors, should be given to the anterolateral part of the thigh. After age 3, some injections may be given in the deltoid muscle or shoulder (side of the arm).

What else you should know

For premature babies, the doctor prescribes a delay in vaccinations. Its duration is individual and depends on the state of the body. The doctor recommends vaccination for preschoolers. To carry out the procedure, one of the popular drugs is used. Most vaccines do not cause severe side effects.

If necessary, the doctor replaces DTP with ADSM. The drug contains fewer antigens. If the child’s immunity is weakened, the doctor recommends a vaccine that does not contain the pertussis component (this substance leads to adverse reactions). Patients often wonder whether DPT revaccination can be postponed somewhat If a person is sick, he should wait until he recovers and only then carry out the procedure. If you have an allergic reaction to the vaccine, your doctor will prescribe another drug.

Contraindications to the vaccine:

pathologies of the nervous system;
hypersensitivity to the active substances of the vaccine or its auxiliary components;
increased body temperature;
afebrile seizures.

A contraindication to vaccination is also malaise caused by an exacerbation of the disease.

Care and feeding

Pediatricians advise not to introduce new complementary foods into the baby’s diet a week before vaccination. This will avoid the occurrence of severe allergic reactions, colic, and gastrointestinal diseases. If the baby is breastfed, the mother should also exclude junk food from her menu. When artificially feeding, the milk formula cannot be changed. On the day of vaccination, you can make it less concentrated by diluting it with plenty of water.

While in the clinic, you can give your child warm compote, drinking water or tea before the DTP vaccination or after the vaccination. This will help the baby calm down. In addition, you should take your baby's favorite book or toy with you, which will distract him from the upcoming procedure.

If your baby has allergic disorders, you should start giving him antihistamines 2-3 days before vaccination. The choice of medications and dosage should be agreed with your doctor.

In addition, the specialist will select suitable antipyretic and painkillers.

They should be purchased in advance and left in the home medicine cabinet in case of an adverse reaction (fever, swelling and excessive pain at the injection site).

Preparation for DTP vaccination includes careful care of the child:

neat sleeping place;
well disinfected dishes and cutlery, toys, bottles, pacifiers;
clean clothes appropriate for weather conditions;
daily bathing and personal hygiene;
regular walks in the fresh air.

2-3 days before vaccination, you should limit your child’s visits to crowded places, exclude contact with infected children and relatives, and refuse active games and activities.

ADSM vaccination

The ADS-M vaccine is used for the treatment and prevention of dangerous infectious pathologies. Vaccinations are divided into two types: emergency and planned. The first ones are prescribed to people who can easily get diphtheria or tetanus. Most people do not have developed immunity to these pathologies; it must be constantly maintained. ADS-M provides reliable immune protection. If vaccinated according to the schedule, it will prevent a dangerous pathology for several years.

ADS-M contains antibodies that promote the formation of immunity. The vaccine is used to prevent diphtheria and tetanus. Experts have not yet created other effective methods that would help prevent such pathologies. The danger of diphtheria is that it affects the respiratory tract. Pathology leads to swelling of the larynx. Diphtheria is transmitted by airborne droplets. In severe cases of pathology, the patient's kidneys and heart are affected.

ADS-M vaccination is necessary for adults and children. It provides prevention of a serious infectious disease - tetanus. When the virus enters the human body, it begins to multiply and produce toxoid. This substance affects nerve cells. A person infected with tetanus experiences seizures. In severe cases, the disease is fatal. Vaccination with ADSM is the only way to prevent serious diseases.

Description and application of serum

ADS-M does not contain as many antigens as other sera. The drug contains neutralized diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. ADS-M also contains aluminum hydroxide, formaldehyde and other auxiliary components. For children, the vaccine is administered intramuscularly into the thigh area, for adolescents - subcutaneously into the shoulder blade. A single dosage is 0.5 mm.

Before using the vaccine, you need to inspect the ampoule and packaging. The whey should not contain suspensions or other third-party particles. If the drug has sediment, you should stop using it. If the ADS-M vaccine has been stored for a long time, it turns white-yellow and a sediment appears at the bottom. It is prohibited to use a drug that has expired. The ADS-M vaccine, like its analogues, is not intended for freezing.

Vaccination schedule for adults

Vaccination is routine. The doctor informs you about it in advance. DPT revaccination is carried out after 10 years. The next vaccination is prescribed at the age of 26 years. The last immunization is given at age 75. If there are emergency indications, the doctor prescribes vaccination at 76 years of age.

What else you need to know about ADS-M

Before vaccinating, the doctor identifies contraindications. If the patient has at least one, the procedure is canceled. Before administering the drug, the doctor measures the temperature and assesses the general condition of the patient. If necessary, he will conduct a blood test.

After receiving the ADSM vaccination, you can take a bath, but you should not rub the area where the vaccine was administered. It is prohibited to swim in ponds or public pools. You are not allowed to use the sauna. It is not recommended to introduce new foods into your diet during the week. They can cause an allergic reaction, which the doctor will consider as a side effect of the vaccine. For 4 days you need to limit contacts. It is better not to visit guests and not invite anyone home. ADSM is incompatible with alcoholic beverages.

Alcohol weakens the effect of medications intended to strengthen the immune system. Vaccination is stressful for the body, and alcoholic drinks put a strain on the gastrointestinal tract, including the liver. Alcohol should be avoided over the next week.

The child has an undeveloped immune system; adults tolerate the DTP vaccine better. Vaccination does not cause any hassle and rarely leads to side effects, but everyone’s body is different. Some patients have a fever on the first day.

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This reaction is rare in adults and may be due to illness rather than the vaccine. If the temperature remains above 37, you should take Paracetamol. If the drug does not help, you need to consult a doctor. An anti-inflammatory medication may be prescribed. An adult may experience weakness and malaise. To improve your well-being, you need to rest, drink tonic tea or herbal medicine.

Some patients experience a lump with a diameter of 2.5 cm. This reaction is normal. If the lump lasts for 5 days and causes pain, you should consult a doctor. The ADSM vaccination can cause allergies and hives appear on the skin. Severe complications include angioedema and anaphylactic shock.

If such complications occur, antishock therapy is carried out. Side effects from the medicine should be checked with your doctor. After ADSM, blood pressure may increase. Some patients lose their appetite and become weak. If you notice such side effects, you should consult a doctor.

ADS-M has contraindications:

pregnancy;
infectious pathology in the acute stage;
hypersensitivity to active substances.

If the doctor identifies at least one contraindication, the administration of the serum is canceled.

Exceptions to the DPT vaccination rules

If a child was born prematurely or has severe developmental pathologies, then vaccination may be delayed. In this case, the duration of medical treatment can range from a month to several years, depending on the patient’s health condition. However, before entering preschool or school, the child must be immunized against the most dangerous viruses.

In such cases, an individual vaccination schedule is used using vaccine preparations that have a mild effect on the body. Then it is recommended to replace the reactogenic DPT vaccine with monovaccines against tetanus and diphtheria, the drug ADS-M, which contains a reduced dose of antigens.

Important! If the vaccine is given to a weakened child, it is recommended to exclude the introduction of the pertussis component. After all, it is this ingredient that provokes the development of pronounced adverse reactions.

Diphtheria prevention drug

This is ADS. The vaccine contains antitoxic substances that form immunity against diphtheria. It is impossible to become infected through a vaccination; a vaccine, on the contrary, prevents pathology. To avoid harm to health, contraindications to ADS must be observed.

The therapeutic and prophylactic drug does not suppress the diphtheria bacillus, but neutralizes the effect of its active substances. If the body gets rid of them, recovery will occur. The ADS vaccine stimulates the immune system, resulting in the production of antitoxic components.

You should learn about the symptoms and consequences of diphtheria. The disease is transmitted through household and airborne transmission. The cause of its occurrence is the entry of a toxic substance into the body. Diphtheria affects the mucous membranes of the throat, causing problems with the respiratory system. Plaque appears on the walls of the mucous membrane and ulcers form. As a result of pathological reactions, tissues are injured.

For children, the ADS vaccine is administered intramuscularly into the thigh area, for adults - subcutaneously into the shoulder blade. The timing of vaccination depends on the age of the patient. The first vaccination is carried out at the age of 3 years, the second - after 1.5 months, the third - after the same amount. DPT revaccination is carried out at one and a half years. Subsequent treatments are prescribed at ages 6, 14 and 18 years. To build lasting immunity against diphtheria, you need to be vaccinated every 10 years.

ADS vaccination has contraindications. It is not prescribed to patients diagnosed with pathologies in the acute stage. Contraindications are:

Cough, runny nose, elevated body temperature. The vaccine is prescribed after recovery.
If a person is allergic to one of the components of the vaccine, use should be avoided.
ADS is not prescribed in early pregnancy. Vaccines do not guarantee that a person will not get sick. The purpose of using a therapeutic and prophylactic agent is to reduce the risk of pathology. Some patients develop immunity after the second vaccination, while others develop immunity after the fourth or fifth. ADS vaccination can be prescribed to a pregnant woman. Before administering the serum, the doctor identifies contraindications.

Rehabilitation after ADS administration, side symptoms

Patients are afraid to get the injection site wet, but the ADS vaccination should be distinguished from mantoux. You can bathe in the bathtub or take a shower, but you should avoid visiting pools and ponds. It is not recommended to rub the skin.

The ADS vaccine may cause side effects, but don't worry too much. The body reacts to any foreign substance. If one of the following side effects occurs, you should rest. Possible side symptoms:

malaise, loss of strength;
drowsiness;
temperature increase.

The maximum duration of side effects is 7 days. If the discomfort is severe, you should visit the clinic. In some patients, the skin at the injection site turns red and pain is observed. There is no need to worry. After 7-10 days, the drug will leave the body and the condition will return to normal. If the body temperature reaches 38, you need to take an antipyretic; if such a remedy is ineffective, consult a doctor. Now patients know how DPT revaccination is tolerated and what side symptoms this vaccination can cause. Analogues of the drug are recommended if necessary.

Can another vaccine be used?

Despite the large selection of immunobiological drugs, not all of them may be available at the right time, so the question arises about the interchangeability of vaccines.

According to the vaccination calendar, a six-month-old baby is immunized against six infections: viral hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae (for children at risk), diphtheria, whooping cough, polio, and tetanus.

DPT vaccine

Table of content of active components in DPT vaccines:

Vaccine name	Diphtheria	Whooping cough	Tetanus	Polio	HIB	Hepatitis B
DTP	+	+	+	–	–	–
Infanrix	+	+	+	–	–	–
Infanrix IPV	+	+	+	+	–	–
Pentaxim	+	+	+	+	+	–
Infanrix Hexa	+	+	+	+	+	+

The table shows that in a number of cases, a specialist has the right to replace the drug Pentaxim with the immunobiological agent Infanrix IVP (in cases where the baby is not due for vaccination against Hib) or Infanrix Hexa (when it is time for the child to be vaccinated against all six infections).

It is also possible to combine DTP or Infanrix polyvaccines with immunobiological drugs for the prevention of polio, viral hepatitis B, and Hib infection. In this case, the combined vaccines are administered in accordance with the instructions for use on the same day, but in separate syringes and in different anatomical areas.

Instead of the third Pentaxim vaccination, the pediatrician has the opportunity to select the appropriate immunobiological drug (or combination thereof) depending on the characteristics of the infant’s individual vaccination regimen.

How do you feel about mandatory vaccination?

Positively, it prevents many diseases. 60%, 2641 votes
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Neutral, I don’t think it has any effect on my health. 13%, 592 votes
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Complications after Pentaxim vaccination requiring medical attention

Some children are highly sensitive and develop serious complications requiring medical attention after receiving the Pentaxim vaccine. According to reviews from parents who observed their baby after immunization, severe adverse reactions developed in less than 1% of cases.

During the entire period of Pentaxim vaccination, not a single death was recorded. The number of calls to doctors for help due to the development of post-vaccination complications is minimal. Therefore, parents should not worry about the tolerability of Pentaxim. But it is useful to know what reactions this drug can provoke.

Possible complications after vaccination:

allergic manifestations. These are the most dangerous conditions that require urgent medical attention. We are talking about Quincke's edema and anaphylaxis. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, the child may die;
temperature rise to 39-40 degrees. Against the background of fever, convulsions and hallucinations may appear. If you do not help the baby, there is a risk of death;
Guillain-Barre syndrome. This is an acute autoimmune inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy. The pathology is manifested by sensory disturbances and autonomic disorders. This condition does not lead to death. But if the child is not treated, paralysis may develop.

If complications develop, you should not try to eliminate them yourself. It is necessary to seek medical help as soon as possible.

Why do children react hard to DPT?

To understand why negative reactions develop so often after DPT vaccination, you need to analyze its composition. To date, WHO has approved several DPT vaccines for use, including the domestic DTP, which contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoids adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide gel and a suspension of killed pertussis microbes.

Toxoids are purified preparations obtained from toxins, but during the purification process they are deprived of toxic properties. They promote the immune system to produce antibodies to the original toxin. Due to the multi-stage purification of the starting substance, toxoids practically do not cause side effects.

Closer attention should be paid to aluminum hydroxide, which is also introduced into the body along with toxoids. The substance does not penetrate into the bloodstream, but remains in the muscle for a long time, where it causes a local local reaction

Aluminum hydroxide is a toxic substance and is called an adjuvant. An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the immune response to an administered immunogen. That is, without an adjuvant, the toxoid is not capable of causing a strong immune response, as a result of which the immunity will be very weak and unstable. The mechanism of action of the adjuvant is the ability to adsorb toxoid on its surface and retain it in the body for a long time, thereby increasing the duration of its effect on the immune system.

There is no need to be afraid of the toxic effect of aluminum on the body of a baby receiving it along with the vaccine, if only because aluminum is also contained in baby formulas, fruits and even water in much larger quantities. Research into the effects of aluminum on the body has been ongoing for a long time. In children under one and a half years old, the substance can cause redness and induration within a week after vaccination, and in older children - pain at the injection site for two weeks after vaccination. No results with more severe effects from aluminum adjuvants were found. To date, this is the most well-studied, best adjuvant with a benefit-risk ratio.

Another reactogenic component of the DTP vaccine is killed pertussis germs. Due to the low degree of purification, pertussis microbes have a general negative effect on the body and more often cause allergic reactions.

Parents also have a big question about the toxic preservatives included in the domestic vaccine: mercury salt merthiolate and formaldehyde. These dangerous, allergy-causing substances have long been prohibited in vaccines in the EU countries and the USA, but are contained in small quantities in DTP. It must be remembered that the domestic vaccine is approved for use by WHO. The dose of merthiolate in it is not dangerous for the baby, but may cause some adverse reactions.

Separately, we can touch on the topic of revaccination. DPT vaccination consists of 3 vaccinations, which are given at intervals of one and a half months. A year later, revaccination is done - 4 injections of DPT. Sometimes there is a phenomenon that a child tolerates the first and, for example, second vaccination well, but has an adverse reaction to the third. Sometimes the entire vaccination is successful, but negative consequences occur with the DTP 4 vaccination.