Dangerous DPT vaccine and its terrible consequences

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Vaccination certainly protects people from dangerous diseases and has saved many lives, but many people have an ambiguous attitude towards it, to put it mildly. People are afraid of possible complications, even serious ones. And although statistics claim that the percentage of not only complications, but even simple adverse reactions from modern vaccinations is extremely insignificant, impressionable people, especially mothers, can understand: what do they care about statistics when it comes to the health of their own child.

In this article we will talk about the possible consequences of vaccinations, how to distinguish typical post-vaccination reactions from complications, describe the most common ones and advise what to do in such cases.

Reactions and complications after vaccination

From the body’s point of view, any vaccine is an attempt to introduce foreign substances into it, to which our body naturally reacts. As a rule, vaccination is either asymptomatic or with minor adverse reactions: they are not long-lasting, not persistent and do not lead to any serious health consequences.

But in very rare cases, serious complications occur with the risk of permanent health problems. True, it is worth saying that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between post-vaccination reactions and post-vaccination complications - the symptoms are often the same: it is even customary to call reactions and complications the same term “adverse reactions”.

Post-vaccination reactions

Post-vaccination reactions are a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of a vaccine. All of them are characterized by a short duration (usually 1-2 days, up to a maximum of 5), go away on their own without external intervention and, most importantly, do not cause any negative consequences for the body of the vaccinated person.

Specific reactions largely depend on the type of vaccine (for live vaccines they can be similar to symptoms of the disease), and they are usually divided into local and general.

Local reactions

These are reactions localized at the site of vaccine administration. The most typical:

• Redness and induration, swelling, hardening of lymph nodes
• Painful sensations
• Allergic rash

These are typical reactions to damage to the skin during an injection and the appearance of “strangers” in the body. But you need to be careful: if, for example, redness is more than 8 cm and swelling is more than 5 cm, you should consult a doctor. Painful sensations should go away within 1-3 days; if the pain is severe or interferes with sleep, you can give an anesthetic.

With repeated vaccination, local reactions occur more often: for example, for DTP - up to 50%, pneumococcal - up to 20%, for other vaccinations - from 5 to 15%. Of the live vaccines, local reactions are most often observed for BCG (for tuberculosis).

Sometimes vaccines are specially formulated to cause local reactions, which increases the body's immune response. For such vaccines (DTP, ADS, hepatitis A, B), local reactions are natural and should not cause concern.

Local reactions and their intensity are also influenced by the method of vaccine administration: it is better to do it intramuscularly, since the muscles are well supplied with blood - as a result, the vaccine is absorbed faster and the effectiveness of the vaccine increases.

You can find out more about local reactions in a separate article.

General reactions

Reactions that affect the body as a whole, but pass quickly and do not cause subsequent complications. The most typical of them:

• The most well-known is an increase in temperature: if it does not exceed 38-38.5 degrees and goes away within 2-3 days, there is nothing to worry about.
• General lethargy, discomfort, feeling of malaise, headache, dizziness, anxiety can last 2-3 days and are mild and do not interfere with usual activity.
• Sometimes there are short-term problems with sleep and even loss of appetite.
• Some components of vaccines can rarely cause allergic reactions, which manifest themselves as a rash.
• When using live vaccines, you may experience mild symptoms of the disease being vaccinated against: this is a normal reaction for this type of vaccine.

Normal reactions

Here are normal reactions to some vaccines, including those included in the national vaccination calendar:

• DTP - the injection site may hurt and there may be slight swelling, a short-term increase in temperature to subfebrile and even febrile levels for up to 3 days.
• BCG is a papule at the injection site that erodes and a scar remains in its place.
• Hepatitis B – possible pain at the injection site for no more than 3 days.
• OPV – without general reactions.
• Measles is a low-grade fever that may appear on days 7-12; it lasts no more than 3 days and does not require antipyretic medications. Measles rash is extremely rare.
• Rubella - after 6-14 days, cold symptoms may appear: low fever, sore throat, runny nose, but all this quickly passes without outside intervention.
• Mumps - pain at the injection site, a slight increase in temperature and mild malaise for 5-15 days.
• Chicken pox – within 3 weeks a small number of elements of chickenpox rash may appear, and a slight increase in temperature.
• Rotavirus infection - fever, vomiting and diarrhea, which quickly disappear.
• COVID-19 in most cases is mild or moderate in nature and is short-lived: fever, weakness, headache. muscle pain, chills, diarrhea, pain at the injection site. The likelihood of experiencing any of these side effects varies depending on the vaccine.

More severe and prolonged reactions are possible but are extremely rare. In addition, vaccines are constantly undergoing new tests. This is done to identify rare side effects.

The given list of possible side effects in no way claims to be complete or absolute truth: we just want to reassure parents whose children have been vaccinated.

Frequency of adverse reactions

The consequences of using known vaccines have been well studied, including the frequency of adverse reactions: they occur in no more than 10% of vaccinated people, and in 95% of cases the symptoms are so minor that they do not require visiting a doctor. The vaccine against rubella causes general reactions on average in 5% of cases, and against hepatitis B – 7% of local reactions.

As for possible complications, they occur much less frequently than adverse reactions: for most vaccines - 1 case per million or more vaccinations, and severe ones - even less often.

Timing of reactions

Adverse reactions to inactive vaccines usually appear early (within a few hours), but they are mild and pass quickly.

As a rule, side effects of vaccines appear within 4 weeks, and only after BCG side effects can be observed even after 14 weeks.

Reactions to a live measles vaccine cannot appear earlier than 4 days and later than 12-14 days, for polio and mumps vaccines - 30 days.

Should we be afraid of the vaccine?

April 18, 2016

As part of the month dedicated to vaccination, epidemiologist at the Nefteyugansk Regional Hospital Tatyana Ryabukhina answered questions regarding the most “scary” vaccine in the opinion of parents - DPT.

—Tatyana Gennadievna, what is the DPT vaccine and why are parents so afraid to give it to their children?

-DPT is a domestically produced vaccine for the prevention of whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus. It contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed pertussis bacilli, to which the body develops immunity to a specific disease. Parents are afraid of the child’s body’s reactions to the vaccine or, in scientific terms, the reactogenicity of the vaccine, which is largely due to the pertussis component. It is the action of this component present in the vaccine that sometimes causes unwanted reactions.

— What vaccine options for whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus, other than DPT itself, exist in the world?

-In Russia, the following vaccines are registered and approved for use, which are analogues of DTP and also contain additional components: Infanrix, Infanrix-hexa (made in Great Britain), Tetrococcus, Pentaxim (made in France). Currently, the following vaccines are being registered: Tritanrix (made in Belgium) and Triaceluvax (made in Germany).

—Why is this particular vaccine given in the thigh?

-The optimal place for children of the first three years of life is the anterior outer region of the thigh, and for children over three years of age and adults - the deltoid muscle of the shoulder. Intramuscular injection into the buttock muscle is undesirable for the following reasons: Firstly, in infants, the gluteal muscle is poorly developed, so there is a high risk of introducing the vaccine into fatty tissue. This increases the frequency and intensity of the local reaction. Secondly, when vaccines are administered into the buttock, the frequency and intensity of the temperature reaction increases.

—At what age is it best to get the DTP vaccine and how to prepare a child for it?

-DPT - the vaccine is vaccinated for children from 3 months of age who have no contraindications to the administration of this drug. Before vaccination, parents should protect their children from contact with infectious patients and strictly follow the diet of children with food allergies. On the day of vaccination, the child must be examined by a medical professional.

-A lot of people are interested in the question: is it possible to put Pentaxim or Infantrix after DTP and, vice versa? That is, is it possible to alternate between different types of vaccines?

-It is not recommended to alternate vaccines, but if necessary (lack of vaccine, reaction to a previous vaccine), the vaccine can be given with another vaccine. All vaccines are interchangeable.

—Is compaction and temperature after vaccination considered a complication or is it a natural reaction of the body?

-Real complications are extremely rare, usually we are talking about reactions to the vaccine, such as redness, swelling, soreness and itching of the skin at the injection site, a slight and short-term increase in body temperature, tearfulness, sleep disturbances and appetite. These reactions do not have long-term health consequences. Serious complications with lasting consequences can develop if contraindications are not observed. It should be remembered that complications of vaccination are thousands of times less common than complications of the infections against which vaccinations are given.

-What are the most dangerous complications after DTP vaccination? And what should parents pay attention to?

-In exceptional cases, after vaccination with DPT vaccine, there may be unusual reactions in the form of seizures, allergic rashes, shock and others. Therefore, after vaccination, each child must be provided with medical supervision in the clinic for 30 minutes. Next, the parents watch the child. Parents' attention should be directed to the child's condition after vaccination. If the child’s behavior changes, the temperature rises, or complaints appear, you should consult a doctor.

— How soon after the DTP injection can you get other vaccinations and have contact with unvaccinated children?

-The interval between vaccinations is 1 month; contact with unvaccinated children is possible only the next day after vaccination.

- Teething, dermatitis, allergic rash, etc. Are there any contraindications to vaccination?

-These manifestations are not a contraindication to vaccination, they are a temporary medical exemption. After the child’s condition has normalized, vaccination is permitted.

-Recently, parents have been very fond of expanding the list of contraindications to vaccinations. What is considered an unconditional contraindication for DTP vaccination?

-Given the low reactogenicity of modern vaccines, contraindications to vaccinations are limited and can only be determined by a doctor. An unconditional contraindication for DTP vaccination is: a strong reaction or post-vaccination complication to a previous vaccine administration, progressive diseases of the nervous system, a history of afebrile convulsions.

— Do parents deservedly consider DPT the most “terrible” vaccine?

-Millions of children are vaccinated with DPT vaccine every year. And this opinion was formed, as we said above, due to the content of the pertussis component in the vaccine, which can cause mild reactions in the child’s body.

-Tatyana Gennadievna, please tell us how to properly vaccinate with DTP, how many times, at what age, etc.

-The vaccination course consists of 3 intramuscular injections of the vaccine, 0.5 ml each, with an interval of 45 days. Shortening these intervals is not permitted. If it is necessary to extend the intervals, the next vaccination should be carried out as soon as possible.

-In your opinion, which of the vaccines on the market is the most reliable manufacturer?

-I would not like to give any preferences, singling out individual manufacturers. Currently, the production of the vaccine is so mature that you can trust all manufacturers of medical immunobiological drugs.

Post-vaccination complications

Post-vaccination complications, unlike adverse reactions, are much more complex and can have serious consequences. But they also occur much less frequently - approximately one case per million vaccinations. At the same time, it would not be amiss to recall that similar complications in the case of a disease that the vaccine protects against occur hundreds of times more often.

Causes of complications

There are three main groups of causes of complications after vaccination:

1. The reactogenic properties of the vaccine depend on its components, the immune activity of the drug, changes in the properties of the vaccine strain, and contamination of the vaccine. The most reactogenic are DTP and BCG, the most “heavy” drugs are used in vaccines against rubella, mumps, hepatitis B, and polio.
2. Features of the body : hidden pathologies that can worsen due to the body’s reaction to the vaccine, the body’s tendency to allergies, autoimmune pathologies, weakened immunity and more.
3. Violations of vaccination technique by medical workers, unfortunately, are one of the most common causes of complications after vaccination: incorrect dosage, poor sterilization, incorrect immunization technique or instructions were violated, the wrong solvent was used, the vaccine was incorrectly diluted or not mixed, improper storage, contraindications were not taken into account.

Types of post-vaccination complications

All possible complications after vaccination can be divided into several groups:

1. The body's reaction to the vaccine components:

• acute allergies: anaphylactic shock, urticaria, Lyell's and Stevens-Johnson syndromes, Quincke's edema; with timely assistance, as a rule, it does not leave consequences;
• a few hours after vaccination, usually DTP, the child begins to cry loudly and squeal: it’s hard to listen to, but after 3 hours it goes away and does not pose a danger to the baby;
• after 1-3 hours, severe muscle weakness may occur, which quickly goes away.

1. Reactions due to poor quality of the vaccine, usually caused by violation of the rules of its storage and transportation:

• the declared immunity is never formed;
• more noticeable local reactions;
• if the sterility of the vaccine is compromised, abscesses, cellulitis or other acute inflammatory changes may occur.

1. Post-vaccination complications (PVC) are often associated with violations of vaccine administration technology and violation of asepsis rules: they can lead to purulent-inflammatory diseases. If the BCG vaccine is administered subcutaneously rather than intradermally, a cold abscess develops. When the vaccine is administered into the gluteal muscle instead of the tibial or deltoid muscle, there is a risk of injuring the sciatic nerve or getting inflammation of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. Failure to comply with the rules of asepsis threatens with acute general or local inflammation. And if you inject a vaccine intended for oral administration, pronounced local or general reactions are possible.
2. Administration of a vaccine may cause the disease for which it is intended.
3. Severe complications can be caused by immunodeficiency in children: meningitis, vaccine-associated polio or encephalitis, BCG osteomyelitis, BCG infection. Fortunately, even with a weakened immune system, such complications are extremely rare. And most importantly: without vaccination, complications after an infection may be more pronounced and have an unfavorable prognosis.

The following describes possible complications after specific vaccinations - all of them are described in detail in the instructions for the drugs for the diseases listed below:

• Hepatitis B rarely causes a temperature above 39 degrees, general reactions (nausea and vomiting, headache, weakness, arthritis), skin rash, optic neuritis and some others.
• DTP vaccine has a high risk of complications and allergic reactions. The most dangerous component of the vaccine is pertussis, which can affect the brain. But the DPT variety, the ADSM vaccine, does not contain a pertussis component, so adverse reactions from it, not to mention complications, are extremely rare. General reactions to DPT - temperature 38-39 degrees, local - pain, redness or thickening, possible severe complications: strong crying of the child, turning into a squeal, temperature up to 40 degrees, vomiting, convulsions, post-vaccination encephalitis, neuritis, polyradiculoneuritis, skin allergic manifestations .
• The only serious consequence of the OPV vaccination against polio is vaccine-associated polio, but it is extremely rare, and even then usually due to a background of immunity deficiency.
• After vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps, serious complications are very, very rare: thrombocytopenia, pneumonia, one-sided deafness, panencephalitis.
• Possible reactions to the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis :
• local: scar, ulcer, cold abscess, regional lymphadenitis;
• osteitis, lymphadenitis, extremely rarely - allergic vasculitis or lupus erythematosus;
• very rarely, children with T-cell immunodeficiency may develop a generalized BCG infection;
• allergic reactions: rash, erythema nodosum, granuloma annulare, rash, anaphylactic shock, secondary infection.

Dangerous DPT vaccine and its terrible consequences

What I want to write below is food for thought. We are 3 months old and according to the plan we should get DPT and polio vaccinations. And I decided to read what they write on the BB about vaccinations. As a result, I found out that in addition to the DPT vaccine, there is also Infanrix and Pentaxim (it additionally includes a polyvaccine). I started studying information on the Internet about these vaccines, contraindications and complications. And this is what I found: DTP is the most dangerous vaccine. It has a high percentage of complications and increased allergenicity. I won’t describe it for a long time, because... Anyone can type the word “DTP” into any search engine and find shocking information about this vaccine. I am not advocating to refuse vaccinations, but I also will not agree to give them to a child just because everyone does it, that vaccinations must be done according to the plan approved by our Healthcare. At the clinic, the pediatrician tells us, “You need to get such and such a vaccination,” and we all go and do it. Because we are used to trusting doctors. And no one thought: how will this vaccination affect my child? I advise everyone to read the statistics on complications from this vaccine! You will be shocked! For example, the hair on my head just stood on end! In addition to fever, allergic reactions (and this is the mildest side effect!), convulsions, loss of consciousness, dermatitis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, loss of voice and hearing, paralysis of the legs, etc. are possible, and children become disabled for life. Among other things, the DPT vaccine contains 100 mcg/ml of merthiolate-mercury organic salt and 500 mcg/ml of formalin (the strongest mutagen and allergen). There is no data on the effect of merthiolate and formaldehyde; no one has studied it on young animals in terms of immediate reactions and long-term consequences! A child may tolerate vaccination well, but in the future no one is immune from complications after vaccination. All newborns undergoing vaccination must first undergo an immunological examination in order to identify immunodeficiency for a particular disease. This event is expensive and troublesome and can only be carried out in “elite” departmental institutions. In a regular maternity hospital, no one will do this. And even if you get this vaccination, it does not guarantee against this disease. You can read the statistics. And on one of the sites I read that pediatricians receive a bonus for referring people for vaccinations. The more people agree, the bigger the bonus! In addition, a doctor I know said that children of doctors are vaccinated with completely different vaccines (of better quality)…

As for general information about vaccinations... In our country, many years of “large-scale trials” continue on our children with the development of various pathological syndromes. Every day more and more babies fall into this hellish meat grinder, joining the ranks of disabled children and their unfortunate parents, unaware of the true cause of their children’s suffering. A carefully prepared and carried out “campaign to intimidate the population” with epidemics of diphtheria, tuberculosis, and influenza on the one hand and prohibitive measures against kindergartens and schools leave no chance for parents.

I repeat, I am not campaigning against vaccinations.
This is food for thought. But doing them “just in case” is simply ridiculous! After all, our immunity is already the defense of our body. And by vaccinating, we only suppress it by introducing various viruses. Take the time to read detailed information about vaccines. After all, we live in the world of the Internet! There are many films about vaccinations (such as “Vaccinations: the pros and cons”, “Dangerous Vaccination”, “The Whole Truth about Vaccines”, etc.), which tell all the pros and cons of vaccination. Many scientific papers have been written by professors about how vaccinations are dangerous and that under no circumstances should you do them. In general, it would be nice if the clinics next to the vaccination office had information about contraindications and side effects associated with this or that vaccination. Only then will mothers think about the future of their child. I would like to add that we have refused vaccinations. I advise you to read: link link link

Tips and tricks

Despite the frightening list of possible adverse reactions and complications from vaccines, the main thing to remember is that severe consequences are extremely rare and they know how to deal with them, and local and general reactions are not so frequent, mild and not dangerous to health.

However, for several days or weeks after vaccination (how long depends on the specific vaccine), you should carefully monitor your child's well-being:

• High fever for 3 or more days, shortness of breath, convulsions, frequent vomiting, severe headache and other noticeable and persistent deviations from normal health are a reason to call a doctor.
• The administration of a vaccine is always an additional burden on the body, sometimes quite significant, so in the first days after vaccination you should rest more and avoid noticeable physical and emotional stress.
• When the temperature rises above 38°, antipyretic drugs are used in combination with physical methods - cold compresses, wiping with a damp sponge. It is especially important to reduce the temperature in children prone to seizures and with hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome.
• Carefully monitor the condition of the body if a vaccinated child, especially a child, has a high risk of allergic reactions.
• During the first 2 weeks before and after vaccination, it is better to avoid foods that are obligate allergens: seafood, honey and chocolate, eggs, strawberries, raspberries, citrus fruits.
• In the first 7-10 days, try to avoid contact with other people to reduce the risk of colds. This is especially true for people with reduced immunity and chronic diseases.
• It is recommended to do a general urine test 3 to 4 weeks after vaccination to identify possible kidney complications: this is especially important for children with diseases of the urinary organs. The analysis will also allow timely detection of deviations and take the necessary measures.