Safe vaccinations for dogs and puppies at the ionVet veterinary clinic

When taking a dog to a veterinarian for another vaccination, the owner usually does not think about the importance of vaccination, treating it as a necessary formality. The simplicity of the procedure creates the erroneous impression that an all-powerful injection can rid a dog of any ailment; you just need to pay for the procedure and pick up a healthy pet from their office in a few minutes. The question of how to prepare a dog for vaccination, and whether this preparation is necessary, is asked only by a few.

How to prepare your dog for vaccination

Meanwhile, vaccination is far from being as omnipotent as it seems to people who are not privy to the intricacies of this issue. Vaccination involves introducing a drug into the dog’s body, to which its immunity will be forced to seek a response, which in itself is a heavy burden. If the dog is weakened for some reason, then vaccination can easily have a negative effect. Therefore, every owner should pay attention to their pet before vaccination and assess its health.

Why are vaccinations needed?

All living beings are surrounded by a variety of bacteria, viruses and fungal spores, which can hardly be counted. They are found in the air, in the water, in the soil, in a word, in everything that both dogs and people come into contact with every day. The immune system, which protects us from “invaders,” allows us to save life in the fight against foreign bacteria that have more complex types of organisms.

Vaccinations allow a dog's body to develop resistance to a specific virus.

Functions of the immune system

The immune system promotes the production of antibodies that allow it to cope with a specific microbe. Of course, the system cannot be prepared for any infection, since protozoa are subject to evolution and improvement. Therefore, the risk that antibodies will be useless, and the microbe itself will still penetrate the body, always exists. Microorganisms are very “smart” and are always looking for new ways to enter the body.

Thanks to constant evolution, microorganisms find new ways to penetrate animals

In addition to producing antibodies, the immune system's tasks include the following:

1. Elimination of old and damaged cells (including your own);
2. Elimination of biological substances foreign to the body (such as proteins, lipids, polysaccharides).

Effect of vaccination on the immune system

The vaccination method may seem somewhat absurd at first glance. In order to develop the body's resistance to a specific disease, the animal is injected with its pathogen - weakened or dead microorganisms - to “infect” the pet. But you shouldn’t be afraid for your pet’s well-being, since this measure does not make him sick, but encourages the immune system to “wake up” and react to introduced microorganisms.

Vaccination forces the immune system to work in emergency mode

Since the animal’s body initially has an advantage (the introduced protozoa do not have their previous agility), the likelihood of the pet’s condition worsening is small. In most cases, vaccination does not affect the dog’s well-being in any way and does not prevent it from living its normal life.

Depending on the state of the microorganisms administered, there are two types of vaccines:

1. Live vaccines involve the presence of viable but suppressed microorganisms, whose effect on the animal is very limited;
2. Killed vaccines consist of completely neutralized microorganisms that have even more limited possibilities of influencing the dog’s body.

Vaccines are divided based on the number of microorganisms and their condition

It is believed that live vaccines are more effective because in the fight against live microbes the immune system is forced to work harder, producing more durable immunity.

Based on the number of microorganisms introduced, vaccines are divided into the following types:

1. Monovalent. Contain microorganisms of the same type;
2. Polyvalent. Contain different types of microorganisms. One vaccine can contain up to seven viruses.

Polyvalent vaccines are intended for individuals who are familiar with vaccinations

Polyvalent vaccines are more difficult for pets because when they are administered, the body is encouraged to fight several diseases at once. As a rule, polyvalent vaccines are used on adults who already have a mature immune system.

Immune system overreaction

In some cases, the dog’s body produces an inadequately strong reaction to the administered vaccine, which indicates increased sensitivity to the drug. These dogs are characterized by allergic manifestations, among which the most common are the following:

1. Swelling of the head;
2. Vomit;
3. Diarrhea.

Diarrhea or vomiting indicates an allergic reaction to the components of the drug

If you notice these symptoms in your dog some time after vaccination, you should contact your veterinarian immediately. There is a risk of death if the drug is incompatible with the body, but with timely help it can be avoided.

What drugs are used

Dog owners quite often wonder which vaccine to choose from the variety of drugs offered. Without sufficient experience, it is not too clear what exactly to focus on when choosing. But it is worth understanding that the same type of injection can have many names, depending on who the manufacturer is.

If we talk about the most common vaccines that are used to vaccinate puppies and adults, their list is quite small:

• Monovalent vaccines are aimed at preventing one type of disease. Such drugs are very effective, and they also reduce the burden on the animal’s body when producing antibodies. It is believed that the quality of the immune bodies produced as a result of the single drug is higher. If you vaccinate a puppy with monovalent drugs, it is easier to develop an individual vaccination regimen.
• Polyvalent or complex vaccines can form immunity against several types of diseases at once. The drug contains live viral strains, which allow the puppy to have a mild form of the disease and develop immunity to it. It is better to use a seven-valent drug in relation to already adult pets; they can more easily tolerate its effects, since the body already has immune bodies of this type.

The price of the drug directly depends on the manufacturer, as well as on the type of vaccine chosen.

Domestic

Manufacturers of vaccination drugs are constantly looking for new and improved drugs, so the list of injections is often updated with new items. Today, four-legged pets can be vaccinated using the following domestic vaccines:

Read What canine lichen looks like: how to treat it at home

The cost of Russian vaccines is an order of magnitude less than foreign ones. Prices vary by region and distributor.

Imported

Imported vaccines are quite widely represented on the Russian market. The choice of drugs is huge. Of all the variety, it is worth highlighting the most popular types:

1. Nobivak, manufacturer: Netherlands. Manufactured under the brands DHP, DHPPi, KC, Lepto, Piro, Puppy DP, Rabies, RL. Each of the drugs can be used separately. The very first injection in this series is the pappi vaccine, which, if necessary, is administered as early as 6 weeks of age.
2. Hexadog is a French vaccine. It is used primarily at the age of 12 weeks. Allows you to develop immunity against plague, parvovirus, adenovirosis, peptospirosis, rabies.
3. Eurican, France. Has two forms:

— DHPPI2 – L – from plague, adenovirus, parvovirosis, parainfluenza and leptospirosis;

- DHPPI2-LR - against plague, adenovirus, parvovirus, parainfluenza, leptospirosis and rabies.

1. Vanguard, American vaccine. Vanguard is a multivalent antifungal drug that can be used from 8-10 weeks.
2. Rabizin, France, against rabies. Primary use no earlier than three months.
3. Primodog, France. Monovaccine against parvovirus enteritis, indicated from 5-7 weeks.
4. Defensor, USA. Intended for the prevention of rabies, administered from three months of age.

How much each injection costs depends on which drug is used. We must not forget that when receiving vaccinations at a veterinary clinic, the price also includes related services.

Types of vaccinations

It is almost impossible to predict a dog's reaction to a specific vaccine. Some drugs are easier for pets to tolerate, some cause complications - it all depends on the individual characteristics of the body. The most common vaccinations are listed below in table form.

Your pet's reaction to each vaccination can vary dramatically.

Table 1. Types of vaccinations for dogs by type of disease

After each vaccination, the puppy is given a two-week quarantine to avoid infecting other unvaccinated individuals.

Vaccination with Eurican

In addition to Nobivak, there are other drugs with high preventive effectiveness against infectious diseases. The two-component vaccine Eurikan DHPPI2 from the French is presented in 2 modifications for subcutaneous injections.

• Eurican DHPPI2-L: contains a set of strains from pathologies of adenoviral nature, canine distemper, infectious hepatitis, leptospirosis, parainfluenza-2, parvovirosis.
• Eurican DHPPI2-LR - in addition to the above components, includes a rabies strain.

The drug contains a dry component and a suspension, which are mixed before direct injection. 2 bottles of the drug is one dose. The Eurikan vaccine for dogs is made on the basis of weakened strains of pathogens, which allow creating stable immunity for a period of 12 months. After the expiration date, the protection weakens and the animal needs revaccination. The drug cannot be used for medicinal purposes; it is aimed solely at prevention. It is not used on infected animals.

In addition to two-component vaccine options, the Eurican brand offers mono-drugs:

• Eurican Primo – for puppies, against canine parvovirus (CAG strain);
• Eurican Piro – from Babesia canis or Babesiosis (Piroplasmosis) of dogs – a blood parasitic disease (strain “BC15-19”);
• Eurikan Herpes – against the herpes virus (strain “F205”).

In addition to subcutaneous injection into the scapula area, the manufacturer recommends intramuscular injection into the thigh. Regardless of age, the dosage is 1 ml of the finished drug.

Puppy vaccination

To the question of whether a puppy needs vaccination, there should be a firm and unambiguous answer - it certainly is. The fragile organisms of puppies need protection and awakening of the immune system, which is the main purpose of vaccination. In addition, it should be remembered that a single vaccination is not enough. To effectively protect a dog’s body, a series of vaccinations is necessary, which is recommended to begin at a certain age.

The puppy’s fragile body needs medicinal support

At what age should you start vaccination?

The rule “the sooner the better” does not apply to vaccinations. Up to two months, the main “vaccine” for puppies is mother’s milk, which contains all the necessary elements to strengthen the innate immunity of the growing organism.

For example, if a mother has had the plague and has developed immunity to it, then the likelihood that her puppies will become infected with the same disease is significantly reduced. That is why feeding puppies with breast milk is valued much higher than feeding with synthetic formulas.

Mother's milk is the first "vaccine" in the life of puppies

At the age of two months, puppies are weaned from their mother's milk and become vulnerable to various infections. Over the next ten weeks, owners must give them all necessary vaccinations and revaccinations to prevent further infection.

It is not recommended to vaccinate puppies before two months of age, since the immune system of puppies is still in its developing stages. The introduction of weakened but aggressive bacteria into it can lead to unpredictable consequences. Puppies are most susceptible to the vaccine between the ages of two and three months. It is these thirty days that are allotted for a series of primary vaccinations.

It is permissible to vaccinate puppies only after weaning from breastfeeding.

Vaccination schedule depending on breed

Vaccination of puppies is carried out in order to develop stable immunity to certain diseases. The first weeks of babies’ lives are protected by antibodies that enter their bodies with mother’s milk. By 2-3 months, the level of antibodies drops, so it is during this period that dogs are subject to primary vaccinations.

Read What to do if your dog swallows a foreign body

Vaccination table for puppies of small breeds - Jagdterrier, English cocker spaniel, Shiba in, beagle, pinscher, etc.

Vaccination table for puppies of medium breeds - miniature schnauzer, Russian spaniel, giant schnauzer and others:

Vaccination table for large breed puppies - Alabai, Austrian pit bull, VEO, Drathaaru, Malamute, Akita Inu, hounds, etc.

Small dogs are given injections at almost the same time, regardless of their breed. German puppies and other varieties of kittens can receive additional vaccinations at the age of 4-6 weeks, only if there is a high risk of possible infection with a particular disease. Mutts are vaccinated according to standard principles.

The exact vaccination schedule is prepared by the dog’s attending physician. The vaccination dates set by the veterinarian cannot be changed.

Home conditions or veterinary clinic?

If there is an opportunity to vaccinate at home, take advantage of it. The pet’s fragile body is not prepared to meet all the many animals that the veterinary clinic accommodates. The puppy runs the risk of becoming infected as soon as it crosses the threshold of such a clinic in the arms of its owner. It is advisable to administer the first vaccines at home also because in a familiar environment the puppy will feel calmer and will have fewer reasons to resist the specialist.

Home conditions will allow your pet to relax and tolerate the procedure easier.

Adult dogs can be vaccinated at veterinary clinics, since it is not so easy for animals already familiar with vaccination to become infected with any disease. The animal’s strong body will allow it to cope with a visit to the veterinarian without much difficulty. However, if you do not want to cause your pet stress once again and can afford to call a specialist to your home, then this option is just for you.

Why is it so necessary to protect your baby through vaccination?

The first months of a puppy’s development are the period when the baby is protected from viruses by the maternal immunity transmitted to it. Its formation occurs due to the resulting antibodies, which enter the animal’s body immediately after its birth and become a kind of shield against dangerous viruses and bacteria.

At the same time, they can not only prevent the development of diseases, but also influence the vaccine itself administered to the puppy - block the effect of its active components. That is why it is impossible to give injections to a baby who has been separated from his mother and has just opened his eyes - it will not do him any good.

Vaccination schedule

The vaccination schedule can be found below.

Vaccination schedule for dogs

Please be aware that there may be differences from the schedule shown. The veterinarian assesses the pet’s general condition and only after that makes a conclusion about which vaccines to administer to the animal and at what time. The veterinarian gives recommendations regarding the specific manufacturer whose drugs should be purchased. We do not recommend taking the initiative and looking for a medicine on your own, as it can negatively affect the dog’s well-being.

Vaccination with Nobivak will allow you to move freely around Europe with your pet

If you are going to travel abroad with your pet, be sure to notify your doctor. European Union countries, for example, have their own requirements for the use of vaccines. Since the vaccines used are displayed in the veterinary passport, it is advisable to immediately focus on the drugs preferred by the EU. Such drugs include Nobivak and Duramun.

Vaccination scheme

There is no single vaccination schedule, since when developing a schedule, the doctor takes into account both the condition of the puppy and the drug used. Therefore, each time an individual scheme is developed, going beyond the limits of which is undesirable and dangerous for the pet’s health, since during the vaccination period it is more vulnerable than ever.

For each dog, veterinarians develop their own drug administration regimens, based on possible complications.

Vaccination for dogs against lichen

Dermatomycosis, or lichen, is a skin disease that can be transmitted to other animals and humans. Among all cases, 60% are due to this type of disease, 30% of which are ringworm.

• Injections are given in the thigh at intervals of 2 weeks.
• Immunity is formed within a month after the second administration.
• If the pet is already sick, the doctor prescribes additional administration of the drug, according to the vaccination protocol.
• The drug is based on inactivated spores of pathogenic fungi - dermatophytes, trichophytons, microsporiums.

The drug can contain up to 8 samples, it is considered allergenic, therefore antihistamines are prescribed in parallel. European veterinary practice has excluded lichen from the list of diseases requiring vaccination; they treat it based on the fact of infection. In Russia, specialists prefer to act proactively. The disease causes damage to the exterior, which is especially important for breeders participating in exhibitions.

Upon completion of vaccination

A newly vaccinated puppy is still as vulnerable as he was months before the vaccination - something to keep in mind when picking up your pet from the vet after vaccination is complete. For the vaccine to work and for immunity to begin to form, at least two weeks must pass. Since the pet needs special conditions for “recovery” after vaccination, it should be quarantined for the specified 14 days to protect it and other animals (if any) from the epidemic.

If possible, keep the vaccinated puppy in a separate room for the first two weeks.

If the dog is an adult and has already undergone the vaccination procedure, it will be subject to the same quarantine rules as puppies, only in a milder version.

In addition to quarantine, there are the following requirements for caring for a dog after vaccination:

1. Avoid overheating or hypothermia of the animal. Temperature changes may negatively affect the effect of the drug;
2. Do not bathe your pet to avoid getting the vaccine wet. If the animal gets dirty for any reason, use a dampened towel to get rid of the contamination without contacting the area of ​​skin through which the vaccine was administered;

   Bathing your pet in the first weeks after vaccination is not recommended due to the risk of hypothermia

3. Put off walking. If vaccinations are being done for the first time, it is strictly forbidden to take the dog outside during quarantine. If vaccinations are given to an adult dog that has been vaccinated, short walks are allowed that are not accompanied by contact with other animals;
4. During walks and indoor games, avoid overtiring the animal, since due to vaccination its energy reserves are already reduced, although the pet may not feel it;

   Pets exploring their owner's shoes can end badly

5. Eliminate the possibility of your pet coming into contact with potentially infected things. Such things may include animals’ favorite shoes, rugs at the front door, on which sometimes there are a lot of infections invisible to the human eye;
6. For two weeks, pay increased attention to cleanliness in your home. A floor washed with a solution of potassium permanganate will reduce the likelihood of a puppy becoming infected at home to a minimum;

Traveling with a newly vaccinated pet has a number of nuances

If you want to take your dog abroad after vaccination, then this can be done no earlier than a month later (this rule applies to rabies vaccination).

What to do if you missed a vaccination

The vaccination schedule established by the doctor cannot be changed without permission, especially when it comes to primary vaccinations. Subsequently, revaccination is carried out every year, but the timing of the first injections is extremely important.

If the owner missed the deadline for administering the vaccine, one should be prepared for the fact that immunity will not be fully developed, that is, it will not be 100% stable. Sometimes skipping an injection is due to the pet's illness.

If you miss the time for administering the vaccine, you will have to take the course of this vaccination again and only after quarantine will the dog be able to go outside for a walk.

The first year of a puppy's life is very important for its entire life. It is possible to form an immune system resistant to infections only through vaccination. The vaccination schedule should be strictly followed; this is the only way your four-legged pet can get a healthy foundation for its future existence.

Possible complications after vaccination

Vaccination is always a blow to the body - a blow that it can cope with, but it must try hard and mobilize its strength for this. Such overexertion sometimes has side effects. It is important for the owner to distinguish acceptable ailments from serious deviations in which the animal should receive specialist help.

A slight increase in temperature when the immune system is actively resisting the virus is normal

Symptoms that normally accompany a dog immediately after vaccination include:

1. General lethargy, disinhibition;
2. Slight increase in temperature;
3. Nausea, vomiting, loose stools.

A lump that forms at the injection site is a fairly common manifestation of the body’s resistance to the injected microorganisms. There is no point in panicking when you see a slight swelling - in most cases it goes away on its own, three to four weeks after vaccination. If you want to speed up this process, you can lubricate the swollen area of ​​skin with anticoagulant ointment.

The appearance of a lump at the injection site should not cause alarm unless accompanied by other negative symptoms

If you experience any of the symptoms listed below, it is advisable to contact your veterinarian:

• Significant increase in body temperature (more than one degree)
• Persistent vomiting and/or diarrhea leading to dehydration;
• Irregular breathing;
• Excessive salivation and drooling;
• Paleness of the mucous membranes;
• General change in skin color.

Anaphylactic shock after vaccination is extremely rare in dogs.

As a rule, negative symptoms occur when there is intolerance to certain components of the drug. In extreme cases, the dog may even experience anaphylactic shock, in which action must be taken very clearly and quickly in order to save the animal’s life.

Therapy aimed at reducing the severity of the allergic reaction includes taking antihistamines such as

• Suprastin;
• Diphenhydramine;
• Tavegil.

Suprastin is used both in the form of a solution and in the form of tablets to eliminate allergies.

In addition to taking medications that block histamine receptors, the dog takes a course of homeopathic medications aimed at generally improving well-being and strengthening the immune system.

What could be the consequences of vaccinating an animal?

Depending on the individual tolerance of the drugs, the animal may experience the following:

Consequences of puppy vaccination
• passivity;
• lethargy;
• temperature increase;
• allergic reactions;
• reluctance to eat food and forcing him to do this is not worth it. However, as mentioned earlier, the main thing is that the animal has access to water. Always.

There is no need to panic if you notice at least one of the above symptoms in your animal, because often they all disappear after three days, or even earlier. If after three days the symptoms are still present, it would be better and safer to contact the veterinary clinic where the vaccination was performed.

Why do you need to vaccinate puppies and adult dogs?

Vaccination helps curb the spread of infections and reduce the epidemiological burden in cities. Vaccines are not drugs and are used solely for preventive purposes. A vaccinated pet is less likely to become infected. When infected, a mild course of the disease without complications is noted.

Vaccination is a prerequisite for traveling abroad, participating in exhibitions and mating with other animals. Regardless, having the procedure done too early in life is a bad idea. Before being separated from its mother, the four-legged baby receives passive immunity along with her milk. After breastfeeding, developing your own immune response does not always work, and then vaccination comes to the rescue.

Why you can’t vaccinate yourself

Vaccination of puppies is a fairly simple procedure. Despite this, veterinarians do not recommend doing it at home for the following reasons:

1. Impossibility of obtaining a veterinary passport. This document is issued only by veterinary clinics that have undergone special accreditation. After self-manipulation, the animal will be protected from the disease, but will not be able to travel or participate in exhibitions.
2. Possibility of complications. Help for an allergic reaction or anaphylactic shock will be provided faster in a clinic setting.
3. Risk of violation of conditions for transportation, storage or use of the vaccine. At best, the desired effect will be lost, at worst, negative consequences will appear.

Before the procedure, it is recommended to undergo a complete examination by a doctor. This will exclude hidden diseases that are contraindications. After the vaccine is administered, the four-legged patient is under the supervision of veterinarians for some time. If his condition is stable, he is sent home.

Can a vaccine cause harm?

The puppy vaccine contains a dead or weakened virus. It is not dangerous for a healthy and strong body, but in a patient it can provoke the development of infection. Contraindications include:

• pathologies occurring in acute form;
• change of baby teeth;
• severe decline in immunity or exhaustion of the body caused by recent operations or illnesses;

• allergic reactions;
• lack of antiparasitic treatment;
• fever accompanied by high temperature;
• 2 weeks before and after tail or ear docking;
• estrus, pregnancy and feeding;

• 2 months before mating.

In all these cases, the body is too weak to fight foreign bodies. To exclude hidden pathologies, blood and urine tests are taken before the procedure.

How and when is the first vaccination given to puppies?

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Meeting a new friend

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Vaccination: timing for a puppy

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Individual vaccination schedule for puppies

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How to give a dog a first vaccination

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