Vaccination against pneumococcal infection for children

"Pneumovax 23" - vaccination against pneumococcal infection

Pneumococcal vaccine, polyvalent
Manufacturer: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, USA.

Protects against diseases: a vaccine to prevent 23 types of pneumococcal infections.

Try on: children aged 2 years and older and adults over 50 years old with an increased risk of contracting pneumococcal infection.

Not included in the national vaccination calendar.

IMPORTANT: vaccinations with the Pneumovax 23 vaccine are not carried out in clinics

Vaccination against pneumococcal infection

Bubnova Valeria Sergeevna

Pulmonologist, general practitioner
Pneumococcal infection
is common among people of all ages. This is due to the fairly easy transmission of this type of microbe (infection occurs by airborne droplets) and the resistance of pneumococci to many antibiotics.

Pneumococci are the most common cause of the following diseases:

• pneumonia - in 7 out of 10 cases of pneumonia, the presence of pneumococcus is confirmed;

• purulent ear diseases - every fourth otitis media is pneumococcal;

• bacterial meningitis (about 15%);

• pleurisy;

• endocarditis;

• arthritis, etc.

Don't meet pneumococcus

It is almost impossible
for an adult leading an active lifestyle, or a child attending any educational institution . To effectively prevent the disease or carriage of pneumococcal infection, vaccination with the drug “Pneumo 23” and “Prevenar” is used.

The vaccine against pneumococcal infection “Pneumo 23” is produced in France (Sanofi Pasteur plant). The vaccine is released in a disposable individual syringe containing 1 dose of Pneumo 23.

The composition of the vaccine allows for the development of active immunity against twenty-three serological types of pneumococcus (the vaccine contains polysaccharides of 23 serotypes and a phenolic buffer solution).

According to the instructions, one syringe of the Pneumo 23 vaccine contains 0.5 ml of the drug, which is one vaccination dose for all ages.

In order to get vaccinated against pneumococcal infection, you should visit a general practitioner who will determine your general health and the need for vaccination.

The doctor will also perform an examination, measure body temperature, and evaluate general blood and urine tests to make sure that the person is completely healthy at the time of vaccination.

No special preparation is required from the patient before vaccination

, but it is not advisable to get vaccinated on an empty stomach or after exhausting physical activity, and it is also not recommended to visit the pool or sauna on the day of vaccination and do massage or cosmetic procedures on the limb where the Pneumo 23 vaccine was injected. Method of administration: intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.

The drug is allowed to be administered simultaneously with other vaccinations (especially often done together with DTP in children or with the flu vaccine in adults), except for the BCG vaccine. The vaccination can be done at any time of the year.

But immunity after vaccination will not develop earlier than in a month, so this point must be taken into account when choosing the timing of vaccination - so that the body develops immunity and can fully resist pneumococci during the period of increased incidence of respiratory infections.

Indications for vaccination

“Pneumo 23” is not included in the mandatory vaccination calendar, so it is given at will or depending on indications to persons aged 2 years and older. Vaccination against pneumococcal infection is recommended for all those who have a high risk of contracting any type of pneumococcus and getting serious complications, and these are the following categories of patients:

• adults over 65 years old;

• people staying in specialized institutions for a long time;

• persons aged 2 to 64 years with one or more chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, bronchopulmonary and renal;

• smokers;

• chronic alcoholics and patients with severe hepatitis and cirrhosis;

• persons suffering from diabetes;

• patients with any type of immunodeficiency (HIV infection, immunosuppression due to chemotherapy or radiation in the treatment of cancer, condition after organ or bone marrow transplantation);

Contraindications for the administration of "Pneumo 23"

The existing contraindications for the Pneumo 23 vaccine can be divided into absolute and relative.

An absolute contraindication is an allergy to any component of the drug.

Relative contraindications for the use of Pneumo 23 include:

• hyperthermia (increased temperature);

• any acute disease (both infectious and non-infectious);

• chronic diseases during exacerbation. . After vaccination, you should not leave the medical facility for at least half an hour. This time is needed so that in the event of an acute local or general reaction to the Pneumo 23 vaccine, the necessary medical care is provided in a timely manner. But in general, 95% of people do not experience any unpleasant sensations or changes in health after vaccination, so the concerns of those who plan to get vaccinated with Pneumo 23 about how the vaccination itself is tolerated are usually unfounded.

. Possible reactions and complications after vaccination

In 5% of cases, local reactions to the vaccine may occur (burning sensation, redness, pain or hardness at the injection site). Such unpleasant symptoms usually disappear within 24 hours after the injection. An increase in temperature after vaccination with Pneumo 23 is described as a general reaction, but post-vaccination temperature usually quickly normalizes on its own or with a single dose of antipyretic drugs.

Vaccine manufacturers indicate a negligible likelihood of complications occurring after vaccination with Pneumo 23, such as enlarged lymph nodes, joint pain, the appearance of skin rashes, and the development of allergic reactions of the anaphylactic type to the administration of the vaccine. Such complications are rather exceptions, since this vaccine, in the vast majority of cases, is well tolerated. But the patient must be aware of all possible consequences after the administration of Pneumo 23, and be prepared to see doctors if any change in health occurs after vaccination, be it local changes or a general deterioration in well-being.

When using the drug “Pneumo 23” to prevent pneumococcal infection, the vaccination regimen consists of a single injection (primary immunization), which provides protection for 5 years.

A repeated injection of the drug (re-vaccination) is prescribed after 5 years, and sometimes after 3 years or even earlier according to the doctor’s decision in the following cases:

• patients with severe immunodeficiency (absence of spleen, HIV infection);

• persons at risk for bronchopulmonary, kidney and heart diseases;

• people over 65 years of age;

• smokers.

Candidate of Medical Sciences, medical pulmonologist Valeria Sergeevna Bubnova

Advantages of the Pneumovax 23 vaccine

• Vaccine against the 23 most common and invasive serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
• The vaccine is effective against pneumococcal serotypes that are the most common cause of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal infections.
• A single vaccination is required.
• The introduction of the vaccine leads to the rapid appearance of specific antibodies, which after 3 weeks provide immunity to infection lasting 5-10 years.
• 57% protective effectiveness of vaccination against invasive infections caused by serotypes included in the vaccine in children over 6 years of age.
• Mild side effects.

Pneumovax 23

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Pneumovax 23 (Pneumococcal vaccine, polyvalent)

Indications for use of the drug Pneumovax 23 (Pneumococcal vaccine, polyvalent):

for the prevention of pneumococcal infection caused by types of pneumococcus, the antigens of which are included in the vaccine. The vaccine is given to people aged 50 years and older, and to people over 2 years of age who are at increased risk of developing pneumococcal infections.

Dosage form:

solution for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to any component of Pneumovax 23. In case of an acute anaphylactoid reaction, a solution of epinephrine (1:1000) should be available for immediate administration.

Any febrile respiratory illness or other acute infection is a reason to postpone vaccination with Pneumovax 23, unless, in the opinion of the doctor, such a delay entails an even greater risk.

Severe reaction or post-vaccination complication to a previous injection.

Acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases are temporary contraindications for vaccinations. Routine vaccinations are carried out 2-4 weeks after recovery or during the period of convalescence or remission. For mild acute respiratory viral infections, acute intestinal diseases and other diseases accompanied by a rise in temperature, vaccinations are carried out immediately after the temperature normalizes.

Directions for use and dosage:

For intramuscular or subcutaneous administration only!

Do not administer intravenously or intradermally!

Before administration, the contents of the vial or syringe are checked for the presence of mechanical particles and color changes (the vaccine is a clear, colorless liquid). The Pneumovax 23 vaccine is administered in a volume of 0.5 ml subcutaneously or intramuscularly (preferably into the deltoid muscle or the lateral surface of the mid-thigh), while taking the necessary precautions to avoid intravascular administration.

Pharmachologic effect:

The action of Pneumovax 23 is due to its components - the vaccine contains a mixture of highly purified capsular polysaccharides from the 23 most common and invasive serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The 23-valent vaccine contains approximately 90% of the serotypes that cause invasive pneumococcal infections in developed and developing countries. According to scientific publications, the most common serotypes in Russia are 3, 6B, 14, 19F and 23F. The serotypes that most often cause invasive drug-resistant pneumococcal disease are 6B, 19F, 19A, 23F.

Side effects:

General disorders and disorders at the injection site: fever (< 38.8 ° C) and the following reactions at the injection site: erythema, local induration, pain, tenderness, swelling, warmth.

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: arthralgia, arthritis, myalgia.

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: rash, urticaria, erythema multiforme.

Gastrointestinal disorders: nausea, vomiting.

Nervous system disorders: febrile convulsions, Guillain-Barre syndrome, headache, paresthesia, radiculoneuropathy.

Immune system disorders: anaphylactoid reactions, Quincke's edema, serum sickness.

Blood and lymphatic system disorders: hemolytic anemia, leukocytosis, lymphadenitis, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia.

Special instructions:

The effect of vaccination on driving ability has not been studied.

Intradermal administration may cause severe local adverse reactions.

Vaccination may not result in complete protection for all vaccinated people.

Interaction:

Can be administered simultaneously (on the same day) with other vaccines (except for vaccines to prevent tuberculosis) in different parts of the body using different syringes.

May be given at the same time as a flu vaccine given in the other arm.

Indications for vaccination "Pneumovax 23"

• Increased risk of developing pneumococcal disease, which is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and one of the leading causes of pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis and otitis media in children over 2 years of age and in adults over 50 years of age.
• Children over 2 years of age who have chronic cardiovascular disease (including congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy), chronic pulmonary disease (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema), or diabetes mellitus.
• Children over 2 years of age suffering from chronic liver disease (including cirrhosis) or leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.
• Children over 2 years of age with functional or anatomical asplenia (including sickle cell disease and splenectomy).
• Children over 2 years old living in special environmental conditions or special social conditions (including the peoples of the Far North).
• Children over 2 years of age with HIV infection, leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, advanced malignancy, chronic renal failure or nephrotic syndrome, persons receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy (including corticosteroids), and recipients of bone marrow or transplantation organs.
• Routine vaccination of persons aged 50 years and older.
• People suffering from alcohol addiction.
• Persons with asymptomatic or clinically evident HIV infection should be vaccinated as soon as possible after diagnosis.

Scheme and method of administration of the vaccine "Pneumovax 23"

In order to identify contraindications, the doctor conducts a survey and examination of the vaccinated person on the day of vaccination with mandatory thermometry.

Vaccinations are performed once. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously into the outer surface of the upper third of the shoulder. A single dose for all ages is 0.5 ml.

A single booster dose of Pneumovax 23 is recommended for persons 2 years of age and older who are at greatest risk of serious pneumococcal infections and those whose anti-pneumococcal antibody levels may decline rapidly, provided that at least five years have passed since The first dose of pneumococcal vaccine was administered. In children 10 years of age and younger who are considered to be at high risk for severe pneumococcal infections, revaccination with Pneumovax 23 may be considered three years after the previous dose of the vaccine.

Compatibility with other vaccines

The pneumococcal vaccine Pneumovax 23 can be given at the same time as the flu vaccine (which is given in the other arm). Such administration does not lead to an increase in the frequency of side effects or a decrease in the intensity of the immune response to the administration of each of the vaccines.

The pneumococcal vaccine can be administered simultaneously (on the same day) with other vaccines (except for vaccines to prevent tuberculosis) in different parts of the body using different syringes.

The Pneumovax 23 vaccine can be administered no earlier than 4 weeks after Zostavax vaccination.

Advantages of the Pneumo-23 vaccine

1. One dose of the vaccine is sufficient for vaccination.
2. Immunity lasts for 3-5 years.
3. The Pneumo-23 vaccine is absolutely safe for humans.
4. Pneumo-23 is packaged in disposable syringes with 1 dose of vaccine per syringe. For a person of any age, the vaccination dose is 0.5 ml.
5. The Pneumo-23 vaccine has been registered by most European countries.
6. Data from foreign studies have shown the effectiveness of the Pneumo-23 vaccine against 90% of pneumococci that are insensitive to penicillin, as well as against 96% of pneumococci that cause various diseases.
7. Data from Russian studies also show the high effectiveness of the Pneumo-23 vaccine for the prevention and reduction of acute respiratory infections by 2 times, bronchitis by 12 times, pneumonia by 6 times in comparison with unvaccinated people.
8. Pneumo-23 is well compatible with other vaccines, with the exception of the tuberculosis vaccine.

Contraindications

Only a doctor can decide whether PNEUMOVAX 23 is suitable for vaccination

Pneumovax 23 is contraindicated if there is a history of an allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine.

Vaccination with Pneumovax 23 is contraindicated in the following cases:

• Hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine, including neomycin; symptoms of hypersensitivity to previous vaccine administration.
• Acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases are temporary contraindications for vaccinations, except in cases where, in the opinion of a doctor, delaying vaccination entails an even greater risk.
• Vaccination during chemotherapy or radiation therapy should be avoided.