Rh conflict during pregnancy. Memo for patients

NOTE FOR PATIENTS

RH CONFLICT DURING PREGNANCY

AND PREVENTION OF HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN

Introduction

If you have Rh negative blood, then during pregnancy the obstetrician-gynecologists monitoring you will recommend injections of anti-D immunoglobulin to prevent Rh conflict and complications associated with it.

This leaflet will explain how this simple injection can give you complete protection - now and in the future.

Rh factor (RhD factor)

The blood type of a pregnant woman is often different from the blood type of the fetus. In most cases this is normal and usually not a problem. However, in approximately 1 out of 10 cases of pregnancy, the blood groups of the mother and fetus differ in one important feature, namely the presence or absence of a substance on the surface of the red blood cells, which was called the “Rh factor” or RhD factor.

If your red blood cells carry this RhD factor, you are RhD positive; if not, then you are RhD negative.

How can the Rh factor affect you?

Sometimes a small amount of blood can pass from the fetal circulation into the mother's circulation.

This usually occurs just before the baby is born and is normal, usually occurring in 3/4 of pregnancies. This blood transfer can also occur in other cases, such as miscarriage or induced abortion.

When the blood of an Rh-D-positive fetus enters the blood of an Rh-D-negative mother, the mother's immune system reacts to the baby's blood as a foreign substance and produces antibodies that destroy the baby's blood present in the mother's blood circulation.

The mother's immune system “remembers” the process of formation of these antibodies, as a result of which in the future, if necessary, it can produce them more quickly and in larger quantities.

This becomes a problem only during a woman’s second pregnancy - in the case of an Rh-D-positive fetus, when its blood passes through the placenta.

The mother's immune system will use its "memory" to form antibodies, as before. The latter can enter the fetal blood through the placenta and begin its destruction.

This disease is known as hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN).

Prevention of tension-type headache

Currently, there is an effective way to prevent TTH by administering anti-D immunoglobulin to the mother.

Anti-D immunoglobulin works by destroying the baby's blood present in the mother's circulatory system before the mother's body responds by producing its own antibodies.

This means that during a second pregnancy, the mother’s body will not form antibodies that cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Thus, a simple injection of anti-D immunoglobulin will protect both the mother and the fetus in the event of another pregnancy in the future.

Typically, the injection of the drug is carried out three times - at 28 weeks of pregnancy, 34 and immediately after childbirth.

Before the first injection, a blood test must be performed to rule out the presence of antibodies, since in this case the administration of anti-D immunoglobulin will not be effective.

Vaccination during pregnancy

Do I need to get vaccinated during pregnancy?
Can side effects occur after vaccination during pregnancy?
Advantages of contacting MEDSI

For about two years now, the world has been actively fighting the new coronavirus infection.
All this time, research is being conducted, new drugs, treatment regimens and vaccines are being created. There is progress. At the moment, several vaccines have already been created that are designed to protect people from a dangerous disease. Unfortunately, not everyone could be given special drugs at first. The group of people who were not vaccinated included children, women expecting to give birth and people with certain medical conditions. Currently, a number of countries around the world require mandatory vaccination after 12 weeks of pregnancy.

What is the situation in Russia? Can pregnant women be vaccinated against coronavirus? Which vaccine should I use? Let's consider all aspects of these issues and understand the possible side effects.

Do I need to get vaccinated during pregnancy?

A number of countries (including Russia) leave the right of choice to the patient herself.

The latest clinical guidelines report allowing vaccination during pregnancy with Sputnik V. Vaccination is possible from the 22nd week of gestation.

At the same time, the procedure becomes especially relevant for women who are at risk and suffer from:

obesity
diabetes mellitus
chronic diseases of the pulmonary system
severe liver pathologies
cardiovascular disorders

The drug does not affect the course of pregnancy and the development of the child! At the same time, it helps preserve the health and life of both mother and fetus.

Can side effects occur after vaccination during pregnancy?

In Moscow, a group of women who are preparing to become mothers is being monitored. At the time of vaccination, they did not know that they were expecting a child. Today there are no complications.

This allows us to say that in the near future, most likely, it will be possible to administer vaccinations at earlier (up to 22 weeks) dates.
Some women refuse the procedure at the planning stage.
This approach is wrong. You should also be vaccinated when preparing for pregnancy, since complications caused by coronavirus infection can have a negative impact on pregnancy and the patient’s condition. It is necessary to take into account the fact that immunity takes 3 months to develop. You need to wait this time after vaccination, and then calmly plan your pregnancy. The studies did not notice any negative impact of the vaccine on the reproductive potential of both sexes. Meanwhile, the coronavirus itself can have an aggressive effect on oogenesis and spermatogenesis. It is caused by elevated temperature during the disease, while eggs and sperm die. However, a slight one-day increase in temperature after vaccination does not affect pregnancy. This is due to the fact that it is not a consequence of infection, but of the administration of the drug.

Important! Currently, vaccination is not carried out during breastfeeding.

Advantages of contacting MEDSI

Experienced specialists.
Vaccination against covid (coronavirus) during pregnancy is carried out by paramedical personnel (nurses) with the necessary knowledge and skills
Diagnostic capabilities.
Before vaccination, you can perform a rapid test for the coronavirus antigen (smear) or a PCR test to detect the RNA of the virus (smear), as well as a study of the level of IgG antibodies to the spike protein of the SARs CoV-2 virus
Possibility for administration of two drugs.
Immunization can be carried out with the Sputnik V and Sputnik Light vaccines
Immunization preparation program.
It includes an examination by a doctor before the administration of each component of the vaccine, a rapid test for COVID-19, vaccination (1-2 doses) and two telemedicine consultations in the SmartMed application
Mandatory preliminary consultation with a doctor.
He will talk about coronavirus vaccination for pregnant women, answer the question of whether you can be vaccinated (if you have certain diseases), report on the indications and identify contraindications (if any)
Comfortable conditions for the procedure.
Vaccination is carried out without queues or long waits, on a convenient day. To undergo the procedure, each patient can choose the clinic closest to them.
Transfer of vaccination data and their availability on the government services portal.
Our specialists ensure data transfer to a special register to receive a QR code

If you want to clarify the specifics of coronavirus vaccination for pregnant women or sign up for vaccination, call +7 (495) 7-800-500. Our specialist will answer all questions. You can also register for a clinic using the SmartMed application.

Intensive facial care during pregnancy

Facial skin often changes during pregnancy. Most often it becomes either too dry or too oily. Therefore, it is worth thinking about building a new care program.

In addition, care should be gentle. It is better to leave the use of serious anti-aging products and aggressive products for problem skin for later. Such cosmetics contain active ingredients, many of which are included in the list of products not recommended during pregnancy.

Let's talk in detail about the three basic stages of facial care and their features during pregnancy.

Makeup removal and cleansing

To remove makeup, use the most natural products with a “simple” composition, for example, micellar water. Milk is ideal for dry skin. It will not dry out, but rather additionally moisturize and soothe.

To wash your face during pregnancy, be sure to get a sulfate-free foam or gel. There should be no components with the word sulfate on the label. Instead of sulfates, soft surfactants should be present, for example: cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium cocoate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, lauryl glucoside.

These products will gently remove dust and sebum without damaging the epidermal barrier.

Toning

From post to post, we will not tire of repeating that toning is a hyper-important stage of daily care that cannot be neglected. In short, toners restore the natural pH of the skin after contact with water and maintain the skin's protective barrier. (Read more about toning in the post “Tonics vs. Lotions”).

Avoid medicated and alcohol-based lotions. Excessively active components are not recommended for pregnant women, and alcohol greatly dries the skin and can additionally provoke pigmentation.

Choose a light tonic that is as natural in composition as possible. Hydrolates are good. But remember that they all have a mild but rather specific “plant” odor, which can cause discomfort in pregnant women. Better to smell before buying.

Regardless of skin type:

In cold weather, we apply a nourishing cream in the morning and a moisturizing cream at night.
in warm times (when the temperature starts to stay above 7) - nutrition at night, and hydration in the morning.

During pregnancy, pay attention to neutral creams from pharmacy brands. Their advantage for expectant mothers is high-quality, but not very active ingredients. The mass market often sins with cheap and dubious preservatives. And professional creams are usually saturated with active ingredients, which we have absolutely no use for now.

When we talk about the neutrality of the cream, we mean not only the absence of allergens (essential oils, strong fragrances, etc.), but also that the cream performs only basic functions - nutrition and moisturizing, but does not solve specific skin problems - that is, it does not whiten , does not mattify, does not fight acne, etc. Leave the solution to these problems for later. Now it is important to maintain the natural health of the skin.

A cream with hyaluronic acid or aloe is ideal for moisturizing, and natural oils for nutrition.

Let's talk about procedures that need to be done 1-2 times a week.

Deep cleansing

For what diseases is it recommended?

Whey is recommended to be used for the following diseases:

disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract;
poor appetite;
gastritis;
ulcer;
constipation;
cold;
cough.

The liquid strengthens blood vessels and helps with varicose veins, as well as migraines.

It does not increase the amount of sugar in the blood and improves metabolism, which is useful for diabetes.

The product also helps get rid of skin inflammation. It can be used both internally and externally: just make a lotion from gauze or add it to a cream.

This healing liquid is also used in various home cosmetology recipes - face and hair masks are made with it.

Benefits for children

Whey is needed by the child's body in the same way as regular whole milk. It provides babies with the vitamins necessary for growth and development, improves digestion, improves heart function and stabilizes the nervous system.

If your child doesn’t like the natural taste of the product, try making jelly or cocktails with berries based on it.

Whey fits perfectly into the diet menu. This drink combines low calorie content and a healthy composition. Thus, amino acids allow you to maintain muscle volume even with sudden weight loss, and B vitamins reduce the risk of anemia.

The best way to take the whey is by mixing it with fresh fruit or vegetable juice. If desired, you can also cook pancakes with it, which will not lose their pleasant taste, but will be less fatty than those made from whole milk.

Chemical composition and calorie content

Almost 90% of whey is water. In addition, this product contains:

vitamins A, C;
B vitamins;
potassium;
calcium;
phosphorus;
sodium;
magnesium;
lactose;
glucose;
fatty acid;
lactic acid.

The calorie content of this drink is only 20-30 kcal per 100 grams.

The ratio of BZHU in it is as follows:

proteins – 0.85 g;
fats – 0.35 g;
carbohydrates – 5.14 g.

Decorative cosmetics. How to paint your face during pregnancy

Pregnancy is the right time to switch to mineral decorative cosmetics. Minerals are as neutral as possible. Mass market and professional cosmetics contain toxic components, harsh preservatives and potential allergens to which the skin may not have previously reacted. Now that the immune system is already weakened, their presence in cosmetics can become a problem. Therefore, minerals are the best decorative cosmetics for pregnant women.

Summarize

Facial care during pregnancy should be gentle, with the most natural ingredients possible. No hardware procedures, a minimum of aggressive components that penetrate deeply into the skin.

Direct your energy to gently cleansing and maintaining the natural immunity of the skin. After childbirth and the end of lactation, all serious cosmetics and procedures will be not only safer for you, but also more effective.

Love yourself, stay beautiful and enjoy your “interesting position”.