Features of vaccine prophylaxis for contacts in areas of measles incidence

The text is presented for informational purposes only. We strongly urge you not to self-medicate. When the first symptoms appear, consult a doctor. We recommend reading: “Why you can’t self-medicate?”

Vaccination against measles is the best preventive measure that can protect against a serious infectious disease.

Many unvaccinated adults also suffer from childhood illness. You can become infected through airborne droplets through contact with a carrier of the disease or someone who is sick. Sometimes a person may not know that they have measles because the incubation period takes about 2 weeks.

The onset of the disease can easily be confused with ARVI or influenza. Catarrhal phenomena occur, the temperature rises, and conjunctivitis may develop. Then there is swelling of the face, spots on the mucous membrane of the mouth, and by the third day a rash usually appears.

The appearance of spots on the oral mucosa is a hallmark of measles (Filatov-Koplik spots on the inside of the cheeks and enanthema on the pharyngeal mucosa). Skin rash is characterized by sequential appearance and disappearance in different parts of the body. First, the rashes are localized on the head, face, neck, then descend to the torso. Within 3 days they disappear in the same sequence as they appeared.

Treatment is symptomatic. Antiviral therapy has not been developed.

The danger of measles for adults

In adulthood, measles is very severe. The disease sharply reduces the patient's immunity, causing complications in the form of pneumonia, hepatitis, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis and meningoencephalitis, keratitis, eustachitis.

All complications can lead to unpredictable consequences, but the most dangerous are meningoencephalitis, which affects the nervous system, and encephalitis, which is fatal in a quarter of all cases of its occurrence.

Vaccination is the only way to protect yourself from measles and not become infected with it in childhood and adulthood.

When and how to get vaccinated against measles

Adults are vaccinated against measles according to the schedule approved in a particular country. Up to the age of 35, every person is entitled to free vaccination, provided that he has not been sick and has never been vaccinated against measles. Also, regardless of age, free measles vaccination is mandatory for persons who have been in contact with infected people, but have not previously been sick and have not been vaccinated.

If a person received only one vaccination as a child, he is vaccinated in the same way as an adult who has never been vaccinated against this disease - twice with a three-month interval between administrations. The immunity obtained in this way is resistant to the virus for 12 years.

The measles vaccine is administered to adults under the skin or intramuscularly in the upper third of the shoulder. Due to the pronounced fat layer, the vaccine is not administered to the gluteal muscle, as well as to any other areas of the body prone to the formation of compactions.

Video on the topic

Dr. Komarovsky on the relevance of measles vaccination:

Vaccination against measles is the most reliable way to protect against a deadly infection. If you follow the rules for administering the vaccine, it is tolerated quite easily.

Before undergoing vaccination, parents must make sure that the child is completely healthy - for this it is necessary to first undergo urine and blood tests, and immediately before the injection, undergo an examination by a competent pediatrician.

Measles vaccination rules

The vaccination scheme assumes that the first vaccination is given to a child aged one to one and a half years, but in countries with an increased threshold for morbidity, children can begin to be vaccinated from 6 months.

The second dose of the vaccine is administered to consolidate the result of the first, to develop additional immunity in case of insufficient formation and in the case when the first vaccination was missed for some reason.

The timing of measles vaccinations coincides with the same timing for rubella and mumps. That is why sometimes these vaccinations are carried out in a comprehensive manner, protecting children with one drug from three severe infections at once.

Effect of the vaccine

The measles vaccine creates immunity against this disease for 20 years. However, at the age of six, the need for revaccination arises, since some children turned out to be insensitive to the virus introduced at the age of one, some have weakened immunity against measles, therefore, for more reliable protection, children are vaccinated twice.

During the third vaccination, which usually occurs in adolescence at the age of 15-17, people most often receive a multicomponent vaccine, since on the eve of childbearing age, girls and boys need protection against rubella and mumps, and the anti-measles component simply enhances the already formed protection.

Why do you need a certificate?

A vaccination certificate is a document compiled on the basis of a medical record of preventive vaccinations and containing all the information about the immunization performed. It indicates the names and date of the drugs administered, and the local reaction of the vaccinee.
The certificate is an attachment to the medical card. A certificate may also be issued in person. This document has the same legal force as a vaccination card. Vaccination is the only method of protecting the country’s population from dangerous infectious viral pathologies. There are mandatory vaccinations and those that are optional. All of them are displayed in the medical book.

A certificate of immunoprophylaxis performed is necessary in order to understand whether a person is protected from infection with severe infectious viral pathologies and whether he poses a threat to others. If the measles vaccination has not been done, then the child or adult may be a carrier of a dangerous virus.

A vaccination certificate is required in the following cases:

• enrollment in kindergarten;
• registration for school;
• admission to a technical school or university;
• enrollment in the armed ranks of Russia;
• obtaining a visa to foreign countries;
• hospitalization;
• employment (especially if a person is applying for the position of a doctor, cook, waiter, teacher, teacher, educator);
• registration at the maternity hospital;
• visiting a sanatorium, dispensary, recreation center;
• travel abroad.

Vaccination appointments are made by doctors. The certificate is certified by the doctor’s signature and the seal and stamp of the medical institution. If you fill out the form yourself according to the sample, then such a document will be considered invalid.

Vaccinations are given against many dangerous diseases. To support immunity, revaccination is carried out. Therefore, the certificate is constantly updated and supplemented with new information.

Types of measles vaccines

There are several types of measles vaccines available today. All of them are divided into mono-vaccines, aimed at combating only measles, and combined vaccines, which help protect the body from other severe viruses at the same time.

Mono-vaccines registered and used in Russia include:

1. Dry measles vaccine (Russia);
2. Vaccine Ruvax (Aventis Pasteur).

Among the combined vaccines (multicomponent) vaccines are:

1. Russian mumps-measles vaccine.
2. Three-component American vaccine MMP II.
3. Three-component Belgian vaccine Priorix.

Multicomponent vaccines that simultaneously protect against measles, mumps and rubella can only be purchased independently at vaccination centers or pharmacies. Russian anti-measles mono-vaccines are available in regular clinics.

It is important to remember that single-component vaccines are administered exclusively to the area of ​​the shoulder or shoulder blade, while foreign multicomponent drugs can also be administered intramuscularly, according to the instructions.

Anyone can choose their own vaccines for themselves or their child. However, most often for the administration of multicomponent vaccines that are not supplied by the Ministry of Health, they are purchased independently.

Single vaccines (measles component only)

LCV (live measles vaccine)

The domestically produced live measles monovaccine is an effective means of protection against measles already on the 28th day after injection. Over the next 18 years, a person can be confident about his immunity against this infection.

Among the main contraindications for such a single vaccine, doctors name exacerbation of chronic diseases, acute viral and bacterial infections, cancer, HIV, and allergic reactions to the components of the drug. for injection. Also, LCV should not be used together with immunoglobulin and serums.

Ruvax (Aventis Pasteur, France)

The French-made monovaccine Ruvax helps prevent measles infection 2 weeks after vaccination. The effect of vaccination lasts for 20 years. Doctors recommend Ruvax for vaccination of newborns, in conditions of increased epidemiological conditions, or in other cases of vaccination under the age of 1 year. Contraindications for the Ruvax vaccination are the same as for GIB; in addition, Ruvax cannot be used by those undergoing radiation or corticosteroid therapy, or using cytostatics.

Combination vaccines

MMR II (measles, rubella, mumps)

The American vaccine against three serious infections, MMP-II, has proven itself very well in modern immunological practice. It can be administered simultaneously with DTP, DPT, polio or chickenpox vaccinations, provided that each injection is given to a different area of ​​the body.

Among the main contraindications for MMP-II injection, doctors identify pregnancy, HIV, exacerbation of various chronic diseases, allergies to neomycin and chicken egg white.

Priorix (measles, rubella, mumps)

The second popular triple threat vaccine is Priorix, produced by the same pharmaceutical company that makes the famous DTP, Infanrix. The degree of purification of this company's vaccines is very high, due to which the reaction to vaccination is less pronounced.

Contraindications for the administration of Priorix are exactly the same as for MMP-II, in addition, this vaccine cannot be administered for neomycin contact dermatitis and acute phases of stomach diseases.

Mumps-measles vaccine (Russia)

The two-component Russian mumps-measles vaccine is administered to people, according to the approved vaccination schedule, at 1 and 6 years of age, and then during revaccinations of adults.

Doctors include the following main contraindications for the use of such a two-component vaccine:

• periods of pregnancy and lactation;
• anaphylactic shock, allergies;
• oncological diseases;
• severe reactions and complications from previous use of this vaccine;
• various diseases in the acute stage.

Measles-rubella vaccine

The Russian two-component measles and rubella vaccine is completely similar to the mumps-measles vaccine. It is important to remember that when using two-component vaccines, it is also necessary to purchase a single vaccine with the missing component of protection for full immunity against common viral infections.

Measles vaccinations: are they relevant today?

The high effectiveness of vaccination against measles has helped reduce the incidence of this infection in our country to a minimum. Today's parents practically do not know what measles is. Unfortunately, this created a feeling of imaginary security and caused a large number of refusals of measles vaccinations. However, the events of last winter (the presence of imported cases of measles) showed the relevance of the problem of immunoprophylaxis. Can the measles vaccine cause autism? Should adults be vaccinated? Answered by Tatyana Ivleva, a doctor at the city vaccination office.

When and how are children vaccinated against measles?

In accordance with the National Vaccination Schedule in our country, measles vaccination is carried out twice (at the age of 12 months and 6 years) and usually together with the mumps vaccine and the rubella vaccine.

How effective is the measles vaccination?

If we look at historical data, we can note the tremendous effectiveness of measles vaccines, which, with mass coverage of the population over a short period (only 5–7 years), made it possible to reduce the incidence to almost zero.

Protection after a single injection of the vaccine is quite long-lasting and reliable. The second dose (at age 6) is given to ensure lifelong immunity, as it has been shown that over time, those vaccinated once in childhood can develop measles at a young age (18–23 years).

What reactions can there be to this vaccine?

The vaccine contains a live, weakened virus. The virus included in the vaccine is created in a laboratory; it is significantly different from the wild virus and is not capable of causing disease. In the human body, it follows the same path as a wild infection, training the immune system without causing any manifestations of the disease. Live vaccines are very effective, and vaccination with them against measles in children in most cases proceeds normally, without severe reactions.

Certain problems can only occur in children with immunodeficiency. Therefore, in some situations, a medical exemption from vaccination is advisable until the child’s health condition has stabilized.

The most common reaction to measles vaccination is a rise in temperature, which occurs no earlier than 4 days after vaccination (most often on the 7th–14th day). This somewhat delayed reaction is explained by the fact that the virus contained in the live vaccine goes through a certain path in the body, when it must get to where the wild virus gets, multiply, creating conditions for triggering an immune response. If a child has a fever the day after measles vaccination, this is in no way related to the vaccination.

Another common reaction is a rash, since measles itself is characterized by the presence of a rash. People who are particularly sensitive to measles vaccination may have certain manifestations from the respiratory tract in the form of an acute respiratory infection-like condition, since measles begins with respiratory manifestations.

After vaccination against measles, it is very important to try not to get a respiratory disease during the first or second week after vaccination, since the biologically active substances that the body secretes to fight the respiratory virus can kill the vaccine. In this situation, the second vaccination, given at the age of 6 years, is a kind of insurance for those who, for some reason, have not developed protection against measles after the first vaccination.

Are there any contraindications for administering the measles vaccine?

There is a prejudice that a person who has even a mild allergy to chicken (quail) eggs cannot be vaccinated against measles. This statement is not true. This contraindication applies only to patients with a severe allergy to chicken egg white, with a reaction up to anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema. These are very rare situations when a child just needs to literally hold an egg in his hands for a severe allergic reaction to develop. Fortunately, there are very few such children.

The idea that the measles vaccine can cause a condition such as autism has been seriously and long discussed in the media and on the Internet. There is now strong evidence that this claim was false. A doctor who published false data in one of the most authoritative medical journals was pursuing the selfish interests of a certain insurance company. For forgery, he was deprived of his medical diploma and the right to practice medicine. Autism is a genetic disease, so there can be no talk of any connection between it and the measles vaccine.

In adults, unfortunately, there are more reasons for contraindications than in children, since they develop certain chronic diseases. The possibility of vaccination should be discussed with a physician.

How is measles vaccination carried out in adults?

Today, according to regulatory documents, adults under 35 years of age who have not had measles and do not have information about vaccinations are subject to vaccination. But in fact, any adult at any age can come to the clinic and get vaccinated against measles. If a person is not sure whether he has been vaccinated against measles, he can donate blood for a test, as a result of which it will be clear whether there are antibodies to the measles virus in the blood.

If a person is vaccinated without knowing that he has already been vaccinated or had measles in childhood, this does not have any consequences for his body: protective antibodies that were formed in previous years will simply block the vaccine, as in the case of a collision between the body with a wild virus.

When vaccinating adults, as well as when vaccinating children, combined vaccines (measles-mumps or measles-mumps-rubella) can be used.

What to do if you come into contact with someone with measles?

In accordance with sanitary rules, you need to get vaccinated within the first 3 days after contact. If the contact involves preschools or schools, the vaccination period can be extended to 7 days. The time factor is extremely important: the sooner the diagnosis is made, the sooner the patient seeks medical help, the greater the chance for the unvaccinated people around him to be able to protect himself in time.

The importance of timely immunization is evidenced by a recent case of a family who became infected with measles on vacation abroad. Parents refused to vaccinate their children, and the children got sick. Only thanks to the prompt and well-coordinated work of doctors, the outbreak of infection was quickly localized, but it is probably not difficult to imagine the psychological state of parents whose children were in contact with sick people and were also not vaccinated.

In addition, at that point in time there were problems with the availability of vaccines (both domestic and foreign). It is obvious that if vaccination in these children had been carried out correctly, and most importantly - on time, unrest could have been avoided.

Before the measles outbreak, which occurred in early 2014 in Novosibirsk, there had been no cases of measles for a very long time. In 2015, a measles outbreak (about 100 people) was registered in the Altai Territory. This unpleasant event should serve as an example of how close a dangerous infection can be. Parents need to treat vaccination prevention with greater responsibility, especially when it comes to children.

What vaccines are used to prevent measles?

Today, the monovaccine against measles is used mainly for vaccinating adults.
Vaccination with a monovaccine can be done in a clinic. Vaccine prevention for children uses a divaccine (measles-mumps in one syringe) and a trivaccine (measles-mumps-rubella) produced abroad. In terms of quality and tolerability, all vaccines are equivalent and form stable, reliable immunity against infections. Related articles:
“Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcus: who needs it?”
“Flu vaccinations: should I get them or not?”

General rules for parents

On the eve of any proposed vaccination, the child must be protected from third-party contacts in order to avoid contracting any infections. In addition, it is not recommended to overcool the child, expose the child to sunlight, or overheat or acclimatize before vaccinations. The immune system reacts very sharply to any stress, which is all of the above impacts, and vaccination is also a stress factor for the immune system. When stress reactions are combined, antibody formation may malfunction and the development of the desired immunity may be disrupted.

Vaccination of children according to the vaccination calendar

In order to avoid all sorts of complications, pathology of the nervous system, as well as other severe consequences of measles, all children must be vaccinated against measles, according to the vaccination calendar in force in the area. At the moment, the minimum age of a child for measles vaccination is 9 months, since until this moment the baby must be protected by maternal antibodies. And the newborn’s immunity is weak enough to survive vaccination and form the necessary antibodies. Even at the age of 9 months, with the introduction of the measles vaccine, immunity occurs in only 90% of children. When such a vaccine is administered at 12 months, immunity is formed in almost all vaccinated people.

Thus, the optimal time for the first vaccination is considered to be 1 year of age. But in regions with a severe epidemiological situation, it is recommended to start vaccinating children earlier, which is where the 9-month figure came from. In this case, repeated vaccination is carried out at 15-18 months.

In countries with a calm epidemiological situation, it is customary to vaccinate children for the first time at 1 year of age, and subsequently revaccinate at 6 years of age. This vaccination tactic has eradicated measles outbreaks in many regions.

Names of measles vaccines

A vaccine is an antigenic material that, upon penetration into the body, stimulates the development of specific immunity to a specific disease. Today, the pharmaceutical industry produces a number of drugs to protect against measles.

Vaccines are divided into single preparations and multivalent ones. Of the one-component products, live measles culture vaccine and Ruvax are usually used.

Live measles vaccine

This is a domestic drug. Its manufacturer is the Moscow pharmaceutical company Microgen. Vaccination is used for routine or emergency prevention of measles in adults and children.

Live measles vaccine is available in the form of a lyophilisate. The powder is packaged in a bottle. Before use, the dry substance is dissolved in injection water. For children, the vaccine is given subcutaneously in the upper arm.

The composition of the gastrointestinal tract is represented by the following components:

• inactivated live measles virus strain Leningrad-16;
• gentamicin sulfate;
• kanamycin sulfate;
• LS-18;
• gelatin.

The causative agent of measles is grown artificially on a culture of quail embryos. Antibodies to the virus take several weeks to develop. The effectiveness of the drug reaches 95%. Stable specific immunity lasts for 15-18 years.

LCV is allowed to be administered on the same day with vaccines against mumps, hepatitis type B, rubella, and polio. As a rule, the vaccine is well tolerated. Most often, after administration of live measles vaccine, a local reaction in the form of redness and swelling is observed.

Also, many children have a low-grade fever for the first few days after the injection. Sometimes GIB provokes coughing, allergies (rash, anaphylaxis, angioedema), fever, and diarrhea. In rare cases, complications develop in the form of seizures and encephalitis.

Ruwax

This is a French measles vaccine.
Its manufacturer is the world-famous pharmaceutical company Aventis Pasteur. Ruvax contains a weakened measles virus cultured in chicken embryos. The drug is produced in the form of a lyophilisate, which is packaged in a bottle. The kit includes a solvent in a syringe or ampoule. It is recommended to use only the dilution liquid contained in the Ruvax package. Otherwise, the risk of unpleasant symptoms increases.

Specific immunity after a Ruvax injection is formed within two weeks . Antibodies remain in high concentrations in the body for at least 20 years. The French vaccine is allowed to be used by children over 9 months old, in the presence of chronic pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, respiratory organs, and metabolic disorders.

The drug is administered deeply subcutaneously or inside the muscle. Before use, the lyophilisate is mixed with a solvent until a homogeneous composition is obtained. The finished product should have a yellowish color with an orange or pinkish tint. Reviews from parents and doctors confirm the effectiveness and good tolerance of the vaccine.

Some babies experience adverse reactions in the form of hyperthermia, body rashes, digestive disorders and sleep disturbances. In case of hypersensitivity, anaphylactic and toxic shock is possible.

Vaccine Ruvax

Measles vaccination and pregnancy

During pregnancy, measles infection is very dangerous; it can lead to miscarriage and all sorts of fetal malformations. Because the measles vaccine contains live viruses, it is contraindicated during pregnancy. A woman needs to take care of her own safety before planning a pregnancy and undergo the necessary vaccinations.

Allergy to measles vaccine

Most modern vaccines are prepared using egg whites. If an allergy to egg white occurs at different periods of a child’s life, manifesting itself in the form of angioedema, urticaria, anaphylactic shock, the child should not be given the measles vaccine.

To find out whether there is a risk of such an allergic reaction, you must:

• soak a clean finger in raw egg white;
• Apply this finger to the inner surface of the baby’s lip;
• If there is slight swelling of the lip over the next 5 minutes, it may be concluded that vaccination with standard vaccines is impossible.

If the possibility of developing an allergic reaction is detected, it is necessary for the doctor to select a replacement for the standard vaccine and vaccinate with another means.

Contraindications to vaccination

Contraindications for vaccination in adults include acute respiratory viral infections or exacerbation of chronic diseases. With these symptoms, vaccination is postponed, on average, for a month.

In adults, there are also absolute contraindications for vaccination, among which doctors cite allergies to bird eggs, allergic reactions to antibiotics, previous vaccinations, pregnancy and breastfeeding.

In children, contraindications for injections against viral infections are:

• any disease in the acute stage;
• primary immunodeficiency;
• AIDS;
• use of blood products and immunoglobulin the day before;
• complications associated with previous vaccination;
• intolerance to aminoglycosides, protein;
• oncological diseases.

What are the contraindications?

Doctors have compiled a whole list of contraindications for immunization. It includes:

• Pre-existing complications or severe reactions due to vaccination
• Allergy to substances from the class of antibiotics
• The presence of symptoms of influenza, ARVI and many pulmonary pathologies, rotavirus infection, etc.
• Having a runny nose
• Increased body temperature
• Oncology
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Weakened immunity

Before vaccination, an examination by a doctor is required to avoid the development of post-vaccination complications.

Possible reactions to vaccination

In its normal course, the measles vaccine causes in adults:

• slight redness at the injection site;
• temperature up to 37.5 degrees;
• catarrhal phenomena;
• joint pain.

But it is possible to develop very dangerous side reactions - allergic shock, urticaria, Quincke's edema. Also, in particularly rare and severe cases, adults may develop encephalitis, pneumonia, meningitis, and myocarditis. To avoid such consequences, vaccination should be carried out while being completely healthy, and on the eve of the event, you need to consult an immunologist and use antihistamines.

How is the vaccination done?

Single vaccines (measles only) or complex vaccines (Priorix, MMP II for measles, mumps and rubella) are used. The latter are especially convenient for childhood immunization, so as not to have to do multiple injections. The algorithm for measles vaccination of children includes 2 stages: 1-1.5 years and 6 years.

Injections are made in the place with the greatest muscle volume for deep injection. For young children, the vaccine is given in the thigh; sometimes the gluteal muscle is recommended for injection in children.

For adult children and others, the vaccine is given in the shoulder. The gluteal muscle is not suitable due to the large subcutaneous layer of fat in this place.

After vaccination, it is not recommended to eat allergenic foods and wash the injection site.

Reaction to vaccination in children

Among the common childhood reactions to measles vaccination, doctors call:

• swelling and redness of the injection site;
• some catarrhal phenomena;
• the appearance of a skin rash;
• poor appetite;
• fever during the first 6 days after vaccination.

In this case, all of the above symptoms can manifest themselves to varying degrees. The temperature may rise slightly, or may reach 39-40 degrees, other symptoms may or may not be present, but they should all gradually subside a week after vaccination.

Adverse reactions after vaccination

Complications expressed by various symptoms and side effects from measles vaccines are not common. Sometimes the temperature may increase as a side effect, and sometimes conjunctivitis or rashes may occur. All symptoms are typical for a period of up to 10 days after administration of the drug. This course of the post-vaccination period is considered natural.

Possible complications from vaccination include:

• all kinds of allergic reactions that can be prevented by taking antihistamines before and after vaccination;
• febrile convulsions in children due to very high fever, which can also be stopped by taking paracetamol when the temperature begins to rise;
• In one case in a million, severe damage to the nervous system occurs.

It is important to understand that all complications that develop as a result of vaccination are much weaker than those that may arise during transmission of the disease.

Is it possible to get sick after vaccination?

Basically, although the vaccine contains live viruses, they are so weakened that they are not capable of causing a full-blown disease. Often, vaccination can cause some kind of measles in a very weak form; such reactions occur easily and go away on their own, a week after the injection. A person in this state is not contagious to others.

However, sometimes a vaccine does not cause the formation of immunity against the disease, and a person can become fully ill with measles while being vaccinated. This phenomenon in medicine is called failure of vaccination immunity and can be observed in a small percentage of all vaccinated people.

Which vaccine is better

With different compositions of domestic and foreign vaccines, they all demonstrate high effectiveness in combating measles. There are 2 significant differences between these vaccinations. Firstly, domestic vaccines are prepared on the basis of quail eggs, while foreign analogues are made on the basis of chicken egg white. If you are allergic to any of these components, you should choose a different vaccine.

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Secondly, imported vaccines have a multicomponent composition and protect against three infectious diseases at once - measles, mumps and rubella, which is very convenient in terms of vaccination. When choosing domestic vaccines, vaccinations will need to be done 2-3 times in each period of life. But at a local clinic you can only get a domestic vaccine for free, so you need to approach vaccination consciously, weighing the pros and cons.

List of combination vaccines

Typically, combination vaccines are used to immunize children against measles, which additionally protect against mumps and rubella. Of the imported vaccinations, Priorix and MMR-II are registered in Russia. The domestic polyvalent drug is called Live cultural mumps-measles vaccine.

MMR-II

MMR-II is produced by the American pharmaceutical company Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD). The vaccine contains live attenuated mumps, measles and rubella viruses grown in chicken embryo cell culture. The preparation contains sucrose, fetal calf serum, human albumin and neomycin as excipients.

Specific immunity after an MMR-II injection is developed within 14 days. A person becomes protected for a period of more than 11 years. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly or deeply subcutaneously. The vaccine is well tolerated.

MMR-II vaccine

After the injection, sensitive individuals may experience a slight increase in body temperature, signs of a cold, and enlarged lymph nodes. After a few days, the unpleasant symptoms go away on their own.

Complications such as fever, angioedema, anaphylaxis, and abscess are extremely rare. Such side effects are usually observed when the rules of asepsis and antisepsis are not followed during manipulation, or individual intolerance to individual components of MMR-II.

Priorix

Priorix is ​​a Belgian vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. The drug contains live inactivated mumps, measles and rubella viruses. In addition, the vaccine contains the following excipients: neomycin sulfate, mannitol, lactose, amino acids and sorbitol.

The vaccine is produced in the form of a lyophilisate. A syringe with a solvent is supplied with the bottle of powder. The injection is given subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Priorix is ​​used to immunize children from 12 months of age.

In the instructions, the manufacturer indicates that the vaccine can cause the following adverse reactions:

• lymphadenopathy;
• otitis media;
• diarrhea;
• enlargement of the parotid glands;
• nausea and vomiting;
• anorexia;
• nervousness;
• unusual crying;
• convulsions;
• allergic manifestations;
• conjunctivitis;
• bronchitis.

According to reviews from pediatricians and parents, the Belgian vaccine is well tolerated and causes virtually no changes in well-being. The first few days, some people experience only mild hyperthermia, drowsiness and loss of appetite.

Live cultured mumps-measles vaccine

Live cultural mumps-measles vaccine is produced by the Moscow company Microgen. The drug is produced in the form of a dry powdery substance and is supplied with an ampoule with an injection solution. The vaccine contains weakened pathogens of measles, mumps and rubella.

Additional components include LS-18, gelatin and gentamicin sulfate. Viruses are obtained by artificially growing them in cell culture of quail embryos. Specific immunity is formed within 4-6 weeks after vaccination.

Live cultured mumps-measles vaccine

The vaccine is suitable for children over 12 months of age. The injection is placed under the shoulder blade or in the shoulder area subcutaneously. On the fifth day after the manipulation, minor hyperthermia, rhinitis, weakness, headache, and loss of appetite are allowed.

Local manifestations such as redness, swelling, and pain in the injection area also often occur. Highly sensitive individuals may experience allergic reactions such as urticaria, anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson and Lyell syndromes, and Quincke's edema. Complications included cases of serous meningitis, measles encephalitis, and anorexia.

All vaccines have the same principle of action and are highly effective.

How many measles vaccinations are needed?

The number of measles vaccinations over a lifetime is determined by the age at which a person first received the vaccine. When vaccination begins at 9 months, a person will be forced to undergo 4-5 vaccine injections in life: at 9 months, at 15 months, at 6 years, at 16 years and at 30. With the initial vaccination per year, the number of subsequent injections is reduced by 1.

If there is no vaccination at the age of one, you should try to get the first vaccination as early as possible - at 2-4 years, and the next one should be done according to plan at the age of six on the eve of school. During the primary vaccination of a person over 6 years of age, he is administered a double dose of the drug with an interval of 1-6 months.

Vaccine effectiveness

In 2014, about 85% of all children worldwide received one dose of measles vaccine within the first year of life (up from 73% in 2000). Accelerated immunization efforts have had a significant impact on reducing measles deaths. In 2000-2014 Measles vaccination prevented an estimated 17.1 million deaths. Global measles deaths have dropped by 75%, making the disease's vaccine one of the most beneficial public health advances.

Vaccination also effectively prevents the risk of dangerous complications. For example, a complication such as encephalitis occurs in 1 case out of a thousand sick people and 1 case out of 100,000 vaccinated people. The risk of developing a serious complication in the case of measles vaccination is 100 times less than with a full-fledged disease. The measles vaccination provides a person with immunity for a fairly long period of time - on average 20-25 years.

Today, research has revealed active immunity against measles in people vaccinated up to 36 years ago. Why give a booster vaccination against measles to a 6-year-old child, when only 5 years have passed since the first vaccination?

This need is due to the fact that approximately 15% of those vaccinated do not develop immunity 1 year after the first dose, and children remain unprotected. Therefore, the second vaccination is aimed at ensuring that children who have not developed immunity at all (or have a weakened one) can receive reliable protection against infection before starting school.