Step-by-step instructions on how to give Cefazolin and Novocaine injections for an adult

Compatibility of Cefazolin and alcohol

? Ethyl alcohol and Cefazolin are incompatible with each other. Alcohol, as a self-consumed product, negatively affects a person and has a negative effect on the entire body.

This is a representative of the antibiotic group of drugs and is prescribed to eliminate harmful microorganisms that the human immune system cannot cope with. This occurs in the case of severe increased weakening of the body, the presence of a disease.

The additional negative effects of alcohol toxins will aggravate the health condition, lead to increased excessive stress, which will entail serious consequences.

The undesirable combination of alcohol with an antibiotic is expressed in the following negative reactions:

1. Reducing the effective effect of the medicine, nullifying the result of the entire course of treatment.
2. Exacerbation of the severity of chronic diseases.
3. Provoking allergies if there is a predisposition to it.
4. Excessive load on the liver, which it may not be able to cope with, especially with organ pathology.

The instructions for use of the drug do not contain a direct prohibition on taking it simultaneously with alcohol. But doctors do not recommend combining them, noting that depending on the personal characteristics of each person, the reaction to an unwanted cocktail can be unpredictable.

Indications and contraindications for the use of the solution

Cefazolin is a powerful cephalosporin antibiotic that can effectively destroy various pathogenic bacteria.

Since the drug causes severe pain when administered intramuscularly, before injection it must be diluted with Novocaine, which has a local anesthetic effect.

It is recommended to use this antibiotic in the following cases:

• general sepsis;
• inflammation of the abdominal organs;
• sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, syphilis);
• infections of the biliary and urinary tract;
• inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
• infections of the ENT and respiratory organs of various etiologies;
• for the prevention of inflammatory processes after invasive intervention in internal organs.

Although the antibiotic is well tolerated by most patients, it is not recommended for use in the following cases:

• with a tendency to allergic reactions;
• in case of individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• with severe organic kidney damage;
• use the drug with caution for intestinal inflammation;
• during pregnancy at any stage;
• children under 1 year.

Area of ​​application of the medicine

This is a powerful semi-synthetic antibiotic, part of the cephalosporin group of drugs. It is administered orally parenterally in the form of sodium salt. Has a wide range of effects.

The drug has a destructive effect on a number of pathogenic harmful microbes by destroying their cell wall. A number of harmful microorganisms are sensitive to this antibiotic, which makes the drug highly effective in treating many diseases.

Unlike similar products, it is safe to use and its toxicity is minimal.

Prescribed for the development of infections caused by the action of microbes and bacteria sensitive to it in the following organs:

• ENT;
• urinary tract;
• soft tissues;
• bronchopulmonary system;
• joints, bones;
• skin;
• biliary tract;
• urogenital tract.

Copes well with the treatment of complex diseases such as:

• peritonitis;
• infectious endocarditis;
• bronchitis in acute and chronic forms;
• erysipelas;
• acute pyelonephritis;
• gonorrhea;
• cystitis;
• tonsillitis;
• carbuncle;
• septic arthritis;
• urethritis;
• bronchopneumonia;
• empyema of the pleura.

The antibiotic is prescribed as a therapeutic and prophylactic effective agent for post-surgical, wound and burn infections.

There is only one form in which the drug is available. This is a dry free-flowing powder used for preparing injections for intramuscular or intravenous administration. The antibiotic is packaged in tightly sealed, sealed glass individual bottles of 250, 500 or 1000 mg.

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Best before date

On the top side of the cardboard packaging, as well as on the label of each glass bottle of powder, the expiration date is indicated. The shelf life of Cefazolin is 3 years.

The drug in undiluted form can be stored at room temperature or in the refrigerator - there is no difference.

If it is determined that there are 5-10 days left before the expiration date, then the product can be used. The main thing is to follow all the rules of admission and be attentive to any changes in well-being.

After opening the ampoule with powder, the solution should be prepared immediately. It can be stored for no more than 24 hours and only in the refrigerator - at a temperature from +5°C to +7°C.

Over time, there may be a change in the consistency of the powder, adhesion of some individual particles, which immediately dissolve when mixed with the solvent preparation.

You can identify expired Cefazolin by comparing the dates indicated on the packaging itself and the ampoule. Upon visual inspection, the white powder is highly hygroscopic. A light yellow tint is allowed. There should be no other particles or impurities.

The use of expired medicine is strictly prohibited, as it can be harmful to health.

Using an antibiotic for a hangover

During a hangover, alcohol metabolites are still in the body, weakening it.

Medicine taken orally can cause unpleasant, often dangerous conditions:

• dizziness, migraine;
• loss of consciousness;
• nausea accompanied by vomiting;
• pain in the liver area.

This is due to the powerful effect of the antibiotic on the body's natural immune system. Its depletion leads to increased sensitivity to the harmful substances of alcohol.

Unpleasant consequences can occur even with a small amount of alcohol consumed the day before.

Cefazolin

Hypersensitivity reactions

Before starting the use of cefazolin, the patient's allergy history should be collected. Due to the possibility of cross-hypersensitivity between cephalosporins and other beta-lactam antibiotics. During therapy with cefazolin, the development of severe, including fatal, allergic reactions has been described. In the event of a severe hypersensitivity reaction, discontinuation of cefazolin and administration of appropriate symptomatic therapy is necessary. The drug is contraindicated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins or any other betalactam antibiotics.

Particularly careful monitoring of patients with a tendency to allergic reactions (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma) is necessary, since the presence of such conditions increases the risk of hypersensitivity reactions.

Diarrhea associated with the use of antibacterial drugs

The development of severe and persistent diarrhea during treatment and in the first weeks after completion of therapy may be a manifestation of Clostridium difficile

associated diarrhea - pseudomembranous colitis. Since this condition is life-threatening, cefazolin should be immediately discontinued and specific antibacterial therapy (for example, vancomycin or metropidazole) should be prescribed. Symptomatic maintenance therapy is indicated, including correction of water and electrolyte balance and nutritional disorders. The use of drugs that inhibit intestinal motility is contraindicated. In particularly severe cases, when the infection is resistant to antibiotic therapy, a colectomy may be required.

Particular attention should be paid to carefully collecting the patient's medical history, as cases of the development of pseudomembranous colitis have been described within two months from the date of antibacterial therapy.

Renal dysfunction

Due to the accumulation of the drug in the body, in patients with reduced renal function, the dose of the drug should be adjusted according to the severity of renal failure (see also section “Method of administration and dosage”). Although the use of cefazolin rarely causes renal dysfunction and the development of renal failure, it is recommended to evaluate renal function during the use of the drug, especially in patients who are in serious condition, when using high doses of the drug and / or other nephrotoxic drugs (for example, aminoglycosides, loop diuretics) .

Development of bacterial resistance and superinfections

Long-term use of cefazolin can provoke the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria. Patients should be carefully monitored for the possibility of superinfection and appropriate measures should be taken if it develops.

Reduced blood clotting and bleeding

In rare cases, the use of cefazolin may reduce blood clotting. Risk factors include vitamin K deficiency, parenteral nutrition, nutritional deficiency, renal and/or liver failure, thrombocytopenia, anticoagulant therapy. In addition, diseases such as hemophilia, ulceration of the mucous membrane of the stomach and/or duodenum can cause the development or intensification of bleeding. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor coagulation parameters in patients with known presence of these diseases. If a decrease in blood clotting is detected, vitamin K therapy (10 mg/week) should be prescribed.

Use of the drug in children

Cefazolin should not be prescribed to premature and newborn infants within 1 month of life, as to date there is no data demonstrating the safety of its use in this patient population.

Sodium content

1 g of cefazolin contains approximately 48 mg of sodium ions, which should be taken into account when prescribing the drug to patients with a diet that limits salt intake.

Effect on laboratory parameters

During the use of cefazolin, false-positive reactions in determining the concentration of glucose in the urine are possible when using Benedict's or Fehling's reagent, as well as false-positive results of the direct and indirect Coombs test.

With long-term use of the drug, monitoring of the peripheral blood picture is necessary.

Taking ethanol during treatment

Due to the possibility of developing disulfiram-like reactions with the use of the drug, patients should refrain from drinking alcohol during the treatment period.

Consequences of unwanted combination

Combining alcohol can cause unpredictable reactions in the body. The most commonly expected negative consequences of an unrecommended combination of a drug with ethanol:

1. Antabuse-like syndrome. The symptoms that appear in this condition are accompanied by increased blood pressure, vomiting, pain in the chest, a feeling of heat, and severe dizziness.
2. Increased side effects of the drug, especially for people who do not tolerate the effects of its components. This occurs due to increased accumulation of the drug in tissues.
3. Increased excretion of drug metabolites, which leads to a decrease in its effectiveness.
4. Weakening the sensitivity of microorganisms, which makes treatment ineffective and lengthy.
5. Excessive increase in the level of transaminases in the liver organs.

Side effects of the drug

Cefazolin injections cause a local painful reaction: a strong burning sensation at the injection sites that lasts for several minutes. This effect does not require discontinuation of the drug. Other side effects:

• dyspepsia: nausea, stomach cramps, loss of appetite;
• stool disorder;
• fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes;
• changes in blood count: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, increased liver transaminases;
• aching pain in the joints.

If you are allergic to the drug, in rare cases, Quincke's edema develops, skin itching, fever, and urticaria are possible. In case of overdose, cardiotoxic shock, arrhythmia, and vomiting develop.

Cefazolin and beer

You should not take Cefazolin and beer together, because the two substances in tandem have a negative effect on the body, especially on the functioning of the liver, kidneys and urinary system. A severe toxic effect on the filter organ can provoke intoxication.

Main side effects:

1. Neutralization of the effect of the drug.
2. Exacerbation of chronic pathologies.
3. Development of allergies, itching and hyperemia.
4. Toxic liver damage, resulting in fibrosis, hepatosis or cirrhosis.

When the first symptoms of an overdose appear, you should immediately consult a doctor for help.

How to breed

It is necessary to dilute Cefazolin with Novocaine in strict sequence and in the proportion specified in the instructions (or by the attending physician).

For adults

To dilute Cefazolin with Novocaine for an adult, you need to use a 1% anesthetic solution (in some cases, the concentration of the substance may be different).

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In this case, you should first draw the required amount of Novocaine into a sterile syringe and inject it with a needle into the bottle with the antibiotic. Without removing the needle, you need to shake the bottle until the powder is completely combined with the liquid.

A high-quality solution must be transparent and not contain any impurities, suspended particles, sediment or turbidity.

In diluted form, the drug is drawn back into the syringe and administered intramuscularly to the patient.

The standard proportion for adults is 5 ml of Novocaine per 1 g of antibiotic.

However, your doctor may recommend a different ratio of medications.

For children

For children, Cefazolin can be diluted with Novocaine based on the child’s body weight. The optimal dosage is obtained when 25-50 mg of antibiotic is taken for each kilogram of net weight, depending on the sensitivity of the body.

However, it may not be safe to decide to inject this drug on your own. It is recommended to consult a pediatrician who will prescribe the dosage and determine the duration of treatment based on the child’s individual health indicators.

Organs affected by the toxin

The combined use of pharmacological agents and alcohol has a toxic effect on the internal organs and environments of the body. Alcohol, entering into a chemical reaction with a medicine, leads to poisoning, disrupts physiological processes, enhances or weakens the healing properties of drugs.

The liver suffers more than other organs. She gets hit twice. Many medications have a side effect - hepatotoxicity, destroy cells, and disrupt the physiology of the organ. In the liver, alcohol breaks down to ethanal, a substance 20-30 times more toxic than ethanol, which causes the death of hepatocytes.

Dangerous groups of drugs for the organ in combination with alcohol:

• anti-inflammatory;
• hormonal;
• antibacterial;
• antifungal;
• glucose control agents for diabetes mellitus;
• anti-tuberculosis;
• cytostatics (chemotherapy drugs);
• tranquilizers (anti-epileptic, psychotropic).

In second place among the internal organs exposed to the harmful effects of alcohol together with medications are the heart and vascular system. Strong drinks during drug therapy constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure. The simultaneous intake of alcohol and chemical substances leads to failure of the myocardium and increases the risk of developing an attack of angina pectoris and a heart attack.

A mixture of ethanol and pharmaceuticals disrupts the quality of the blood and reduces clotting. This is dangerous due to internal bleeding and strokes.

Is it possible to take Cefazolin with alcohol?

The instructions for the drug do not contain information about how Cefazolin and alcohol interact, which for many (and Cefazolin is a fairly popular antibiotic) confirms the possibility of drinking alcohol during treatment with Cefazolin.

Well, it is everyone’s personal right to put their body to the test, accidentally or intentionally provoking potentially dangerous situations. However, doctors still advise avoiding such a combination: no one ever knows whether Cefazolin and alcohol will give consequences after being taken together or not.

What are the risks and potentially dangerous situations associated with taking Cefazolin and drinking alcohol?

According to foreign studies, when combining an antibiotic with alcohol, due to the presence of the N-methylthiodiazole (NMTD or 1-MTD) side chain, Cefazolin poses a risk of developing Antabuse-like reactions (similar to those in treatment, for example, Torpedo or Esperal). This is due to the inhibition of NMTD aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of ethanol in the liver. This fact helps to understand whether Cefazolin can be taken with alcohol.

According to the annotation, Cefazolin does not undergo biotransformation in the body, is excreted through the kidneys, and therefore there is no risk that it will directly “meet” alcohol in the liver. But as always there are a few “buts”.

First. Cefazolin belongs to the group of cephalosporins that are excreted through the kidneys (this group also includes drugs that are excreted through the liver and through the liver and kidneys). The rate of its elimination (and therefore the effectiveness of action) is influenced by the indicators of tubular secretion. This is a special mechanism of the transport function of the kidneys, which allows xenobiotics, including antibiotics, to be quickly eliminated from the body. Alcohol has a toxic effect on the kidneys, including disrupting the processes of renal excretion. This leads to a violation of pharmacokinetics (how the drug behaves in the body), and through it to a violation of the pharmacodynamic properties (that is, the effects the drug has on the body).

The second “but” is a very broad topic concerning possible reactions between Cefazolin and alcohol as factors in the development of tubulointerstitial nephritis. Both alcohol and antibiotics often cause this kidney pathology, which leads to functional and morphological changes in the kidneys.

Before administration, cefazolin is diluted with a solvent - usually a solution of procaine (novocaine) in 0.25 - 0.5% concentration or saline solution. Alcohol increases the acidity of the body, including urine, which in turn increases the rate of excretion of novocaine. It is eliminated from the body faster, which can affect absorption and, subsequently, the effectiveness of the antibiotic.

Recently, there has been an increase in the resistance of microorganisms to cephalosporin antibiotics, including Cefazolin. This is due to the acquisition by microorganisms of some properties typical of penicillin-binding protein. Thus, at present, cephalosporins are ineffective or negligibly effective against some Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia.

Rules for taking medications and alcohol

Drinking alcohol during treatment minimizes the clinical effect of therapy and creates a risk of developing complications of the disease.

If this cannot be avoided, follow the rules of behavior that will reduce the occurrence of negative consequences:

1. Do not drink strong drinks (vodka, cognac, whiskey), choose dry wine (100-150 ml), beer (no more than 300 ml). Don't drink alcohol on an empty stomach.
2. The interval between taking the medicine and alcohol should be at least 2 hours.
3. To reduce the toxic effect, take medications that protect the liver (hepatoprotectors), pancreas (pancreatin), and stomach (antacids ─ Rennie, Almagel).

If a person takes antiviral medications for colds, anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol in moderation does not pose a threat to the body.

Alcoholic drinks during treatment are strictly contraindicated in cases of liver cirrhosis, severe infectious diseases, and during a course of chemotherapy.

How to store

Home conditions are the best option for storing this product. It is best to place the undiluted powder in a home medicine cabinet - a dark and dry place with a temperature no higher than +25°C. The prepared solution, as mentioned above, is placed in the refrigerator.

Cefazolin should not be left exposed to sunlight or even artificial lighting. Keep away from moisture.

Analogue drugs:

• Lysolin;
• Totacef;
• Ifizol;
• Intrazolin;
• Cesolin.

Medicines, alcohol and chronic diseases

If a person has chronic diseases, simultaneous use of alcohol and medications is potentially dangerous for the functioning of vital organs. Since patients systematically take prescribed medications, the influence of alcohol can lead to negative consequences.

People with chronic heart disease (angina pectoris, heart defects) develop arrhythmias of varying severity. Heart attacks with severe pain syndrome develop, which is not relieved by Nitroglycerin, and the risk of developing myocardial infarction increases significantly.

In case of chronic liver diseases (viral hepatitis, hepatosis), alcohol during treatment can become a trigger in the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (cancer).

Drinking alcohol during cirrhosis leads to the following consequences:

• bleeding into the abdominal cavity;
• liver decomposition, infection, peritonitis;
• hepatic coma;
• death.

If a person is on long-term treatment with sedatives, psychotropic drugs, tranquilizers, he is contraindicated in drinking alcohol. This leads to severe depression and the appearance of obsessive states (hallucinations, phobias). Suicidal feelings develop. Such a patient needs constant monitoring and assistance from a psychiatrist.

How to dilute cefazolin with water for injection and lidocaine

Cefazolin - Cefazolinum.

Cefazolin is given by injection. Synonyms: kefzol, cefamezine.

Properties: White crystalline powder, easily soluble in water.

Available in bottles of 0.25, 0.5 1, 2 and 4 g. Water for injection and cefazolin.

Cefazolin powder for injection has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial effects. It has a bactericidal effect on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, including staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, Escherichia, salmonella and other types of bacteria. Does not affect rickettsia, viruses, fungi and protozoa.

When given orally, cefazolin is not absorbed, so it is used only parenterally - in the form of injections. When administered intramuscularly and intravenously, it penetrates well into organs and tissues and remains in therapeutic concentrations for 8-12 hours.

The most dangerous combinations and consequences

The combination of alcohol and chemical-based drugs can lead to serious disorders in the body, and in some cases to fatal consequences.

List of medications and their side effects in combination with alcohol: