What vaccinations are required for admission to kindergarten and will a child be accepted without them?

Good day, dear visitor to our site! Today we will look at a topic that causes numerous disputes and conflicts: are children taken to kindergarten without vaccinations and how to formalize a refusal of vaccinations by law in 2021? Many parents face obstacles in enrolling their child in a child care institution. We will tell you how legal such a requirement is and how to properly defend your rights.

Today we will look at a topic that causes numerous disputes and conflicts: are children taken to kindergarten without vaccinations and how to formalize a refusal of vaccinations by law in 2021?

Children are growing up - new vaccinations are required

In kindergarten and at school, pupils are given prophylaxis against viruses. There are vaccines that are required at certain ages. To make life easier for parents, the kindergarten organizes vaccination days in the medical office.

Particularly worth mentioning is vaccination against polio and influenza.

According to the vaccination schedule, everyone should be diagnosed with polio by the age of three. But there are exceptions when a child receives another vaccine while already in kindergarten. Then an unvaccinated child must be quarantined for up to 60 days after even one child is vaccinated against polio. There are several scenarios for this:

• a child who is not vaccinated against polio remains at home;
• those who are not vaccinated against polio are transferred to another group;
• under the responsibility of the parents, a person who has not been vaccinated against polio can remain in the group (most often SANPIN creates obstacles to this).

The risk of infection from a child vaccinated against polio is very low. But there are rules that are aimed at preserving the health of unvaccinated children.

While some children are receiving the flu vaccine, unvaccinated children can attend kindergarten without restrictions. But there is a danger that children who have received a flu vaccine may get sick and infect other children in the group.

Vaccination against influenza is aimed at preventing serious complications during an influenza epidemic, but it cannot provide a complete guarantee that the disease will bypass the disease.

The influenza virus constantly changes its structure, and the vaccine has an antigen only of a certain strain, which may not coincide with the current type at the moment. Flu vaccinations are done consciously if desired. But you can carry out preventive measures yourself so that you can go to the garden healthy without flu shots.

What measures can be considered preventive? These are vitamins, long walks in the fresh air, hardening.

If parents refuse to vaccinate their children, then they should know exactly what rights they have to kindergarten and what documents are best prepared in advance. Then there will never be any problems with an early meeting with the kindergarten.

Republished by Blog Post Promoter

Are parents required to agree to all vaccinations?

For many years, the only option for refusing vaccinations was a medical exemption confirmed by a medical commission. The law simply did not provide a choice for parents. Upon admission to any preschool or educational institution, a special document was required confirming vaccination according to the calendar.

Recently, there are more and more supporters of refusing compulsory vaccinations, fearing serious harm to the health of the child. Therefore, conditionally, all families can be divided into several groups:

1. Parents comply with the law, so the baby has all the necessary vaccinations according to age.
2. Adults do not deny the need to protect the immune system, but prefer an individual approach. They ask you to create your own vaccination calendar and may postpone your next trip to the clinic for ARVI or teething. Often, such parents are attentive to the choice of drugs in favor of foreign analogues, and use the services of private vaccination clinics.
3. Complete refusal to vaccinate based on medical conditions or personal beliefs. The number of such families only increases every year. Often parents refuse the first vaccinations due to the weakened health of the newborn, but in the future they decide to completely eliminate any interference in the natural development of immunity.

The last group of families is quite numerous, but there are no reliable statistics on “refuseniks”. Many parents, fearing conflicts in kindergarten or school, simply reach an agreement with the pediatrician. For a fee, he issues a certificate of the established form indicating all scheduled vaccinations. Despite the illegality, the situation is not uncommon.

The first BCG vaccination is done in the maternity hospital. When trying to refuse, a young mother is often pressured by doctors. They talk about the danger of contracting hepatitis or tuberculosis, asking you to sign a consent form. In fact, it is necessary to take into account the well-being and physical indicators of the baby, its weight and condition at birth.

Do they take you to kindergarten without vaccinations?

Any parent can refuse to undergo preventive vaccinations, and this cannot be a ban on visiting kindergarten. A preschool educational institution is obliged to accept a child, even if he does not have a single vaccination. If there is a threat of an epidemic of an infectious disease, then the kindergarten has the right not to accept unvaccinated children.

Vaccination law

Control of vaccinations provided in kindergarten is based on the following legal documents:

• Law “On Immunoprophylaxis” – Art. 5, art. eleven;
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Art. 26;
• Constitution of the Russian Federation – Art. 43;
• Law “On Education” - Art. 5 hours 1;
• Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Does the head of a kindergarten have the right to refuse parents to admit an unvaccinated child?

Parents are responsible for the life and health of their child; only they decide whether or not to vaccinate their children for kindergarten. The Law “On Immunoprophylaxis” states that refusal of vaccinations is not a reason for not admitting a child to a preschool educational institution.

If refusal to vaccinate is documented, then you can safely defend your rights, citing the law. After this, the kindergarten management does not have the right to refuse to visit an unvaccinated child. Deviations from the rules may include temporary measures related to epidemics and mass diseases of children.

Where to complain if your child is not accepted into kindergarten

Sometimes kindergarten management refuses to accept an unvaccinated child. In such a situation, it is necessary to write a complaint to the district administration or the prosecutor's office. It should describe the current situation.

It is important to show the documents received, a medical card or a certificate documenting the refusal to issue a card from the clinic

An audio recording of a conversation with the head of a kindergarten, recorded on an analog voice recorder, is ideal as evidence in court.

The application must be written clearly and concisely. After parents contact the administration or law enforcement agencies, employees of these departments must contact them to resolve the issue.

If the case goes to trial, the decision will be made in favor of the parents and the child. Once a decision is made, parents are issued a written court order. It is necessary to contact the head of the preschool institution, who must immediately place the child in kindergarten.

Consequences of refusing vaccinations

According to the law, vaccination of a baby is carried out only with the consent of the parents. There are no documented fines or other forms of punishment for unwillingness to get vaccinated, and there is no ban on visiting a preschool or school institution. Lawyers remind that the right to medical care and voluntary refusal of it is enshrined in law.

In fact, when trying to register for kindergarten, parents are faced with unpleasant consequences of their legal decision:

• The local pediatrician refuses to sign the bypass sheet and card for the child care facility, and does not want to issue a certificate that the child can attend kindergarten.
• A medical record without such a signature is invalid and is therefore ignored by the director of the kindergarten.
• In many cities, there are recommendations from the local sanitary and epidemiological station not to accept children without mandatory vaccinations. Specialists regularly check the lists of applicants, persistently pointing out to the manager the need to expel such children.
• After reporting a lack of vaccinations , parents are often called back, informing them that the manager made a mistake and places have run out. Often, the formal reason for refusal is the child’s psychological unpreparedness for kindergarten, too young an age, and other factors not covered by law.

At the same time, a medical exemption of the established form does not guarantee calm communication between parents and the head of the kindergarten. Fearing increased attention and pressure from the sanitary and epidemiological station, she tries to refuse the family, inviting them for a second interview after a while.

Stages of preparing documents for registration of a child without vaccinations in kindergarten

Ideally, the solution to such a sensitive issue should be peaceful. To do this, you need, first of all, to establish contact with the management of the preschool institution. Once you are sure that you are accepted, you can write an application.

During the period of preparation for kindergarten, it is necessary to visit the future preschool institution, communicate with the head and ask all the organizational questions that concern you.

The next step is to prepare the necessary documents, which are listed in the regulations “On preschool primary institutions”:

• birth certificate;
• direction from GORONO, if you queued up on the government services website, then a printout from this website;
• an extract from the medical record about the child’s health, permission to visit the children’s group;
• instead of the required vaccination certificate - a written refusal to be vaccinated.

To get a medical extract, go to your local pediatrician, where you will receive a list of tests that need to be taken and a list of specialists performing the examinations. All medical examination data is entered into the medical record. At the end, the doctor will write a conclusion that the child is completely healthy and can attend kindergarten. The last step will be the seal of the head of the pediatric department.

What is the result? A child without vaccinations clearly has the right to attend kindergarten. When management staff at a clinic or preschool interfere with you, contact higher authorities. With all this, do not forget about the most important thing - the health of your children and their peace of mind, try to achieve your goal through peaceful means. Let the kindergarten bring you and your children only pleasant emotions.

What to do and where to go if you receive a refusal

You need to remember your rights when you are refused when trying to send your child to kindergarten. But the chances of achieving justice are much greater if there is a medical outlet. Possible reasons to get it:

• frequent allergic reactions;
• temperature increase;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• dysfunction of the nervous system, which provokes increased excitability;
• changes in blood pressure;
• underweight

If a child is refused admission to kindergarten, it is necessary to prepare some documents. This will allow you to operate with facts when talking with the manager.

Preparation of documents at a local clinic

When parents are going to send their child to kindergarten, they must immediately go and get a certificate confirming that vaccination is not carried out for medical reasons. To do this, you should contact your pediatrician. At the stage of passing the medical examination for admission to the kindergarten, difficulties may also arise: hospital staff do not always want to enter information about refusal of vaccination into the outpatient card.

In this case, you must contact the head/chief physician of the medical institution. Difficulties may also arise when talking with him. In this case, we need to remind you of the right to refuse vaccination. No one can be forced to get vaccinated. It is necessary to ask the manager to provide a written statement about the reason for the refusal to issue the necessary documents.

Complaint about a medical institution

You can influence the decision of the director/chief physician of the clinic. To do this, you should submit an application to the prosecutor's office, the Department of Health. It is recommended to describe the current situation in detail. The more truthfully and clearly the text is presented, the fewer questions will arise when reading the statement. This will allow employees of the organizations where the parents contacted to quickly understand the situation.

Submitting documents to kindergarten

If you have managed to collect all the necessary certificates, new obstacles often arise, but only at the stage of admission to a preschool institution. First, the kindergarten medical worker, and then the director/manager, voice non-existent problems associated with the child’s admission: he is not accepted because there are no places, he has not yet reached the age threshold when children are accepted into the group, or he is required to bring additional documents from pediatrician

In each of these cases, the refusal must be in writing. Almost always, kindergarten employees do not provide such documents, which means that the previously announced prohibitions on the child attending the group are illegal. You can contact your district education department. This will make sure that the place is assigned to the child and there are no obstacles to his entry into kindergarten.

Complaint against commission employees or kindergarten employees

When it was not possible to achieve a result, having all the necessary certificates in hand, you need to contact further: the prosecutor’s office, the district administration. A statement describing the situation should be left at each institution. Copies of certificates received from medical institutions are attached to it.

Regulations

When resolving controversial issues about vaccinations, they rely primarily on Federal Legislation.

1. 
   The first document to which you should turn is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, where Article 43 guarantees the accessibility of education, including preschool.
   Art. 43 clause 2 “Public access and free pre-school, basic general and secondary vocational education in state or municipal educational institutions and enterprises are guaranteed.”

2. According to Articles 32 and 33 of the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Protecting Citizens’ Health,” medical interventions can only be carried out with the consent of citizens and they have the right to refuse any procedures, including vaccinations. For minor citizens, their parents or legal representatives make decisions and give refusal or consent.
   Art. 33 “A citizen or his legal representative has the right to refuse medical intervention or demand its termination...

   If a citizen or his legal representative refuses medical intervention, the possible consequences must be explained in a form accessible to him.

   The refusal of medical intervention, indicating the possible consequences, is recorded in the medical documentation and signed by the citizen or his legal representative, as well as a medical professional.”

3. The Law “On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases” also leaves the right to vaccinate children or not to their parents, but stipulates the possible consequences.
   Art. 5 clause 2 “The absence of preventive vaccinations entails:
   • a ban on citizens traveling to countries where, in accordance with international health regulations or international treaties of the Russian Federation, their stay requires specific preventive vaccinations;

   temporary refusal to admit citizens to educational organizations and health institutions in the event of the occurrence of mass infectious diseases or the threat of epidemics;

4. refusal to hire citizens for work or removal of citizens from work, the performance of which is associated with a high risk of contracting infectious diseases.”

Will a ban on attending a kindergarten or school be considered a violation of the child’s right to receive an education?

Refusal to admit a child to an educational institution or his separation from examined children does not indicate a violation of his right to receive an education. Let's explain...

Ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population is one of the main conditions for the implementation of the constitutional rights of citizens to health protection and a favorable environment. In this regard, citizens are obliged to comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation, take care of the health, hygienic education and training of their children, and not carry out actions that entail a violation of the rights of other citizens to health protection and a favorable living environment.

At the same time, Russia guarantees universal access and free preschool, primary, basic and secondary general education. The competence of educational organizations includes the creation of conditions necessary to protect and strengthen the health of students and employees of an educational organization (Clause 15, Article 28 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation”). In addition, in children's recreation and health organizations and educational organizations, the requirements of sanitary legislation must be met and measures must be taken to prevent diseases, preserve and strengthen the health of pupils and students.

The law provides for various forms of education: full-time, part-time, correspondence, family education and self-education (Article 17 of the Education Law). If a child has not been tested for tuberculosis infection, he can be enrolled in an educational organization with the subsequent choice of forms and methods of the educational process that exclude attendance at a healthy children's group. And this will not contradict the current legislation: as the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation indicated, this will ensure the right to general education of children who have not undergone immunodiagnosis, while respecting the right of every student to health protection.2

It should be taken into account that in the case of mass vaccination, in order to prevent infection of an unvaccinated child, it is allowed to separate him from the rest of the group of children for a certain period. Thus, when vaccinating against polio, unvaccinated children are separated from vaccinated children for 60 days (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2011 No. 107 “On approval of SP 3.1.2951-11 “Prevention of Poliomyelitis””). At the same time, the heads of educational institutions are obliged to organize the separation of such children within the walls of the educational institution.

History of the issue of the need for vaccinations

Disputes between the authorities and “anti-vaxxers” over compulsory vaccination of children have been going on for several years. The wave of coercion for vaccinations rises and falls.

The 2021 coronavirus situation was a kind of “catalyst” for the process of tightening the government’s position on vaccinations. an end to this issue and close it forever.

After the adoption of this resolution, unvaccinated children will be barred from entering any public and private educational institutions, from kindergartens to universities.

This leaves “anti-vaxxers” no choice but to accept this and provide the necessary vaccinations to their children.

A few words about vaccination.

In the USSR, vaccination was recognized as an essential preventive method and was widely used to prevent the spread of such serious diseases as measles, diphtheria, smallpox, polio and a number of others, from which a large number of children had previously died.

With the start of vaccination, such sad consequences were minimized.

Vaccination of children in the Soviet Union was mandatory and brought great benefits. The incidence of dangerous infections has decreased many times.

During the collapse of the USSR and the 90s of the last century, due attention was not paid to vaccinations. Many children were left without vaccinations, which led to a surge in long-forgotten diseases.

During the same period, the first reports appeared in the press that poorly made or low-quality vaccine preparations caused serious complications in children and even deaths. It was from this time that the “anti-vaccination” movement, which also exists in Russia, began to gain popularity in the world.

Anti-vaccination, also the anti-vaccination movement, anti-vaccination movement is a social movement challenging the effectiveness, safety and legality of vaccination, in particular mass vaccination. A skeptical attitude towards vaccination includes a complete refusal of vaccinations, refusal of certain vaccines, as well as changes in the timing and schedule of immunization relative to those recommended by medical institutions.

According to experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), most of the arguments of anti-vaxxers are not supported by scientific evidence and are characterized as “alarming and dangerous misconceptions.”

Until now, the authorities have tried not to use “forceful” vaccination methods, but the COVID-19 pandemic has forced them to change this point of view. Formally, vaccinations will most likely remain “voluntary,” but the choice here is not great: either get vaccinated and go to school, or remain unvaccinated but homeschooled.

So, dear parents, regardless of your view on this problem, your children will still have to be vaccinated.

What do legislators want?

A working group to change legislation in connection with the COVID-19 epidemic was created in the Federation Council on April 17. A month later she presented a set of proposals. The working group is headed by the first deputy chairman of the Federation Council Nikolai Fedorov .

Senators propose to legislate rules for preventive vaccination, according to which it is proposed not to allow children without vaccinations into preschool institutions and schools.

In addition, when hiring in medical institutions, schools, institutes and public institutions, Russians must be required to provide certificates of vaccinations and infectious diseases .

The senators also plan to expand the list of mandatory preventive vaccinations included in the national calendar.

All these measures are aimed at preserving the health of children and countering the spread of dangerous infections in educational institutions.

List of vaccines for children before entering kindergarten

Sometimes problems with a kindergarten can arise even if there is no information about one vaccine in the vaccination card. But mothers are constantly offered to vaccinate their children against a variety of viruses, without indicating whether they are required or not. Without a medical education, you can be confused which ones are necessary.

To visit a kindergarten, doctors recommend two types of injections:

• vaccination according to the vaccination calendar - against polio, rubella, measles, mumps, tuberculosis (BCG and Mantoux test), DTP. They are a must for the child.
• additional vaccination (optional) against pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenza virus, influenza.

The doctor offers these vaccines to protect the child from more common viruses, which children will begin to encounter to a greater extent when attending kindergarten.

But such vaccination should be carried out in advance, and not before going to kindergarten.

Children are vaccinated against influenza in the autumn. Just don’t hope that vaccination provides a complete guarantee and your baby won’t get sick at all. Each organism is unique.

But there are situations when the child did not receive all the vaccines in the required quantity before entering kindergarten. Due to the illness of the child or his retardation in height, weight, or development, medical withdrawals are prescribed, especially from serious vaccinations against polio and DTP.

The timing of subsequent doses or revaccination may be delayed. But this is also not a reason for a clinic or kindergarten to refuse to enroll a student in an educational institution.

All vaccinations can be completed while the son or daughter is in an educational institution. Therefore, the mother has every reason to take her baby to kindergarten after reaching a certain age without vaccinations.

Is vaccination necessary before entering kindergarten?

Entering kindergarten is not only an opportunity for socialization for a child, but also the danger of encountering various infections that surround a person.

Preventive vaccination can protect against them. In kindergartens, infections are spread through household methods:

• through toys;
• inventory.

Many viruses cause severe forms of illness and are dangerous with serious complications.
Important! If a vaccinated child becomes infected in kindergarten, the disease will be mild and without complications.
Read more about whether vaccinations are required in kindergarten and how to write a refusal here.

Pros and cons of testing

The advantages include:

• Timely detection of the disease in children, starting from the age of one (including in latent form, in the early stages).
• Low cost method.
• General availability (carried out in almost any medical institution where there is an equipped vaccination room).
• Safety (contrary to myths, this is not a vaccination, not a “live” vaccine).
• Almost painless injection.
• Determining the need for vaccination or revaccination against tuberculosis.

Flaws:

• Low reliability of the results (50-70%) - the result can be affected by age characteristics, recent acute respiratory infections, the presence of worms, food allergens, environmental factors, quality of the drug, violation of the procedure technology, etc.
• Large list of contraindications. These are skin pathologies of a chronic or acute course, the presence of viral or infectious diseases, the presence of an allergic reaction in the body, epilepsy, somatic diseases, bronchial asthma.
• Possible side effects (fever, itching at the injection site, rashes on the skin, headache, insomnia, nausea, loss of appetite, general malaise).
• An allergic reaction to phenol is especially noticeable - skin rashes, and anaphylaxis is also possible, which requires urgent medical intervention.

List of mandatory vaccines for children, without which they are not admitted to preschool educational institutions

Polio

The most commonly used vaccine for polio vaccination is the oral vaccine. The child drops 4 drops of the solution into the mouth (on the root of the tongue or on the tonsils). After this, you should not give your baby anything to eat or drink for an hour.

Injection vaccination can also be used. The injection is given in the thigh or under the shoulder blade.

The vaccine is administered three times with an interval of 4-6 weeks:

• at 3 months;
• at 4.5 months;
• at 6 months

Revaccination at 18 and 20 months.

Whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria

Vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus is given according to the following standards:

• at 3 months;
• then at 4.5 months;
• at 6 months

After this, revaccination is carried out at 1.5 years and at 6-7 years. Most often, the domestic DTP vaccine is given. If the child has indications (severe allergic reactions, unfavorable neurological background, etc.), the baby can be given a more gentle foreign vaccine, for example, Pentaxim.

In preparation for vaccination, an antihistamine is given three days before it. Among the local reactions to the vaccine are :

1. rise in temperature;
2. redness or bump at the injection site;
3. general malaise;
4. drowsiness.

Rubella, measles and mumps

Children are vaccinated at one year and 6 years old. The infection is transmitted by airborne droplets; children aged 2-5 years are most susceptible to infection. The vaccination site should not be wetted during the day. It is also better to refrain from visiting public places with your baby. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously into the shoulder or under the shoulder blade.

If a domestically produced vaccine is given, in which rubella and mumps-measles vaccines are contained separately, then 2 injections are given under different shoulder blades or in the shoulder and under the shoulder blade. In a foreign vaccine, all three components are combined together, and such separation is not required.

Reference. Reactions to vaccinations are rare. A rash may appear with a rise in temperature.

Hepatitis B

For the first time, a child receives a vaccine against hepatitis B in the maternity hospital, in the first 24 hours. The second and third vaccinations are carried out at 1 and 6 months.

Babies weighing less than 2 kg, as well as those born prematurely, are not allowed to be vaccinated. Another contraindication is signs of a severe allergic reaction.

No more than 3 months should pass between the first and second vaccination , otherwise the first vaccination will have to be repeated.

The vaccine provides immunity from hepatitis B for 20 years. Revaccination is carried out after 22 years. The drug is administered intramuscularly.

Vaccination against hepatitis B can be carried out simultaneously with other vaccinations except BCG. The vaccination site should not be wetted for 2-3 days. Stable immunity to the virus is formed 3 months after the end of vaccination

Do not forget that in addition to the vaccinations listed, you will need to go through a whole list of doctors and take some tests. Read more about specialists and analyzes here.

Tuberculosis

Newborn children are vaccinated against tuberculosis on days 3-5 with the BCG vaccine. Contraindications are:

1. prematurity with body weight less than 2 kg;
2. birth injury;
3. intrauterine infection;
4. immunodeficiency;
5. skin diseases.

In this case, vaccination is postponed or carried out using a weakened BCG-M vaccine. The vaccination is done intradermally (not to be confused with subcutaneous injection!) into the left shoulder , a point is selected on the border of the upper and middle third of the shoulder.

After the vaccine is administered, this area cannot be treated with anything. If vaccination in the maternity hospital was postponed, vaccination begins at the clinic, having first carried out the Mantoux test (read about whether they can not take you to kindergarten without the Mantoux test).

The exception is children under 2 months old; they are not tested. The Mantoux reaction is also checked before revaccination.

Revaccination against tuberculosis is carried out at the age of 7 and then 14 years. Usually a transparent bubble forms at the injection site, which disappears within half an hour. The next reaction should be expected in 4-6 weeks.

A nodule appears with an infiltrate, transparent in the center, and a crust surrounds it at the edges. The formation disappears on its own after a few weeks, leaving behind a small scar.

Complications include:

• enlarged lymph nodes;
• cold abscess;
• superficial ulcer;
• keloid scar.